Heliotropium supinum L.

Dwarf heliotrope (en), Héliotrope couché (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Boraginales > Boraginaceae > Heliotropium

Characteristics

Decumbent or procumbent annual 4–50 cm. long or tall or forming mats up to 30 cm. in diameter; stems densely silvery pubescent and spreading pilose and similar dual indumentum on most organs.. Leaf-blades grey-green, elliptic, ovate, obovate or ovate-lanceolate, 0.8–3.5 cm. long, 0.6–1.5 cm. wide, rounded to acuminate at the apex, cuneate at the base, plicate, the nerves deeply impressed above, densely white adpressed pubescent above with tubercle-based hairs and longer setae, with more tangled soft white pubescence beneath and longer hairs which are often brownish; petiole 0.2–2 cm. long.. Flowers sessile in bilateral scorpioid cymes 2–9 cm. long; peduncles 0–3 cm. long.. Calyx 2–2.5 mm. long, divided into linear densely spreading white-pilose subacute or ± obtuse lobes.. Corolla white, 2.5 mm. long; tube cylindric, ± 3 mm. long, pilose outside, glabrous inside; limb very small, with 5 ovate spreading rounded imbricate lobes.. Stigma elongate-conic, hairy at the apex and about equalling the glabrous style, together ± 1 mm. long.. Fruits of 1–4 nutlets or 1 only by abortion, remaining in the accrescent calyx with the corolla still attached at the apex; in Europe the nutlets are almost invariably reduced to 1, compressed ovoid, (3–)3.5–4 mm. long, 2.8–3.2 mm. wide, 1.5 mm. thick, plano-convex or biconvex, acute at the apex, the outer face smooth to verrucose, distinctly margined with obtuse compressed edge; in the tropics there are usually 2–4 (mainly 4) nutlets cohering but ultimately or sometimes readily separating, often rather narrower than are the single nutlets, similarly smooth to verrucose; eventually the nutlets are often smooth or ± corky.. Fig. 19/7, p. 71.
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Prostrate or decumbent annual herb usually with 4 main stems rising in a cross; stems up to 35 cm long, herbaceous, laterally compressed, ± densely clothed with retrorse appressed hairs, mixed with longer spreading ones. Leaves alternate however subopposite to the base; petiole 3-15 mm long (up to 27 mm on the basal leaves); lamina 10-35 x 7-19 mm, broadly ovate to broadly obovate, rarely trullate or circular, densely appressed-pubescent or strigose above, pubescent or tomentose and bristly on the nerves below, obtuse to truncate at apex, acute to obtuse and often very asymmetrical at base, the nerves usually deepened above, prominent below. Cymes short, often 1, rarely 2-3 on each terminal peduncle. Flowers sessile or subsessile. Calyx 2.0-2.8 mm long, enlarged up to 4.5(6) mm in fruit, bristly outside, appressed hairy inside; lobes cohering up to near apex, obtuse. Corolla as long as or but little longer than the calyx, persisting over the fruit; tube greenish, densely clothed with retrorse appressed hairs outside, glabrous inside; limb white, divided into 5 minute oblong subequal lobes. Anthers c. 1 mm long, linear, subsessile. Ovary globose, glabrous. Style c. 0.5 mm long with short retrorse hairs, sometimes subglabrous; sterile appendix c. 0.5 mm long, conical, shortly hairy at apex. Fruits up to 4 mm long, ovoid, plano-convex or excavated by abortion of 2-3 nutlets, glabrous, enclosed in the calyx; nutlets often 2, rarely 1, very rarely 3 or 4 with the outer and the inner surfaces granulate-tuberculate, brown with a lighter well developed edge; rarely the fruits wholly covered with a greyish corky layer concealing the ornamentation.
Leaves alternate however subopposite to the base; petiole 3–15 mm. long (up to 27 mm. on the basal leaves); lamina 10–35 x 7–19 mm., broadly ovate to broadly obovate, rarely trullate or circular, densely appressed-pubescent or strigose above, pubescent or tomentose and bristly on the nerves below, obtuse to truncate at apex, acute to obtuse and often very asymmetrical at base, the nerves usually deepened above, prominent below.
Annual herb, densely hairy. Stems procumbent, trailing. Leaves petiolate; blade broadly ovate to elliptic, 5-25 x 3-17 mm, veins deeply sunken on upper surface, prominent on lower surface; petioles 2-15 mm long. Flowers in helicoid cymes. Calyx ± as long as corolla tube. Corolla white, lobes rounded. Flowering time Mar.-Dec. Fruit enclosed by calyx, nutlets usually one, obscurely tuberculate on dorsal side, margins winged.
Fruits up to 4 mm. long, ovoid, plano-convex or excavated by abortion of 2–3 nutlets, glabrous, enclosed in the calyx; nutlets often 2, rarely 1, very rarely 3 or 4 with the outer and the inner surfaces granulate-tuberculate, brown with a lighter well developed edge; rarely the fruits wholly covered with a greyish corky layer concealing the ornamentation.
Prostrate or decumbent annual herb. Leaves small, broadly ovate to broadly obovate, 7-19 mm broad, hirsute, conspicuously petiolate, lateral nerves impressed above. Corolla lobes oblong. Cymes not bracteate. Fruit enclosed in calyx. Flowers with greenish tube and white limb.
Procumbent, annual or perennial herb, branches up to 300 mm long. Leaves broadly ovate to broadly obovate, densely adpressed-hairy, veins usually sunken above and prominent beneath. Flowers in a helicoid cyme, white. Nutlets smooth.
Corolla as long as or but little longer than the calyx, persisting over the fruit; tube greenish, densely clothed with retrorse appressed hairs outside, glabrous inside; limb white, divided into 5 minute oblong subequal lobes.
Prostrate or decumbent annual herb usually with 4 main stems rising in a cross; stems up to 35 cm. long, herbaceous, laterally compressed, ± densely clothed with retrorse appressed hairs, mixed with longer spreading ones.
Prostrate annual. Leaves broadly ovate to broadly obovate, densely adpressed-hairy, veins usually sunken above and prominent beneath. Flowers in a helicoid cyme, white. Nutlets smooth.
Calyx 2.0–2.8 mm. long, enlarged up to 4.5(6) mm. in fruit, bristly outside, appressed hairy inside; lobes cohering up to near apex, obtuse.
Style c. 0.5 mm. long with short retrorse hairs, sometimes subglabrous; sterile appendix c. 0.5 mm. long, conical, shortly hairy at apex.
Cymes short, often 1, rarely 2–3 on each terminal peduncle.
Hairy much-branched herb, decumbent from a woody base.
Anthers c. 1 mm. long, linear, subsessile.
Flowers sessile or subsessile.
Ovary globose, glabrous.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.18 - 0.33
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

On heavy black or brown soils in dried-up water holes and pools, at elevations from 250-1,350 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity 7-9
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Snake bites (aerial part), Common cold (leaf), Fever (leaf), Insecticides (seed), Wart (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Ear diseases (unspecified), Eye diseases (unspecified), Furunculosis (unspecified), Laxatives (unspecified), Wounds and injuries (unspecified), Anthelmintics (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 42
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Heliotropium supinum leaf picture by Fred Ethève (cc-by-sa)
Heliotropium supinum leaf picture by Shankar Ratiney (cc-by-sa)
Heliotropium supinum leaf picture by Heras Daniel (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Heliotropium supinum flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Heliotropium supinum flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Heliotropium supinum flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Heliotropium supinum fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Heliotropium supinum fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Heliotropium supinum fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Heliotropium supinum world distribution map, present in Angola, Anguilla, Albania, Armenia, Australia, Benin, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Cyprus, Djibouti, Algeria, Egypt, Spain, Ethiopia, France, Greece, Croatia, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Lebanon, Libya, Sri Lanka, Morocco, North Macedonia, Mali, Malta, Montenegro, Mozambique, Mauritania, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Portugal, Romania, Sudan, Senegal, Serbia, Syrian Arab Republic, Chad, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Uzbekistan, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:117268-1
WFO ID wfo-0000718966
COL ID 3KCVH
BDTFX ID 31482
INPN ID 101155
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Piptoclaina supina Heliotropium supinum