Helixanthera parasitica Lour.

Species

Angiosperms > Santalales > Loranthaceae > Helixanthera

Characteristics

Glabrous except for the inflorescence and flowers hairy when young, soon glabrescent except sometimes for the ovary remaining grey-white tomentose. Leaves opposite or subopposite; lamina ovate, 5-18 by 1.5—6(—8) cm, cuneate to truncate at the base to a petiole 5-20 mm long, acuminate and acute at the apex, thin, lustrous or dull on either side; venation pinnate with the midrib and the main laterals distinct on both sides. Inflorescencess at the nodes, a many-flowered raceme; axis (50-)100-300 mm long; pedicels (0.3-) 1-2 mm long, often verticillately clustered; bracts ovate or triangular, sometimes with a dorsal transverse fold, obtuse or acute, 0.7-1.5 mm long. Ovary campanulate, 1.5-3 mm long; calyx limb entire, spreading, 0.3-0.7 mm long. Corolla in mature bud 5-merous, (3-)4-9 mm long, strongly keeled in the lower part, narrowed to a slender neck, clavate and obtuse or rounded at the apex, mostly bright red, rarely almost white. Anther 1-2.5 mm long, obtuse, about equal to the free part of the filament. Style (2-) 3-5(-6) mm long, reaching to the base of the anthers, angular in the lower 1-3 mm below a distinct constriction, more slender above; stigma capitate, hardly wider than the style apex. Fig. 26a-c. Fig. 27.
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Shrubs 1-1.5 m tall, all parts apparently glabrous (inflorescences very minutely papillate). Branches elongated. Leaves opposite (or subopposite); petiole 5-15(-20) mm; leaf blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 5-12(-18) × (1.5-)3-4.5(-6) cm, papery to thinly leathery, lateral veins conspicuous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex acute to acuminate. Racemes solitary or paired, axillary, sometimes at leafless node, 40-60-flowered, 5-10(-30) cm, dull brown or gray papillose; bracts subovate or ovate-triangular (0.7-)1-1.5 mm. Flowers 5-merous; sometimes verticillate. Pedicel 1-2 mm. Calyx ellipsoid, 1.5-2 mm, limb annular, ca. 0.5 mm, entire or 5-denticulate. Mature bud with basal 1/3-1/2 abruptly expanded into 5 prominent semicircular keels, distal portion clavate. Corolla red, pink, or yellowish, petals (4-)6-8 mm, reflexed from above basal keels. Filaments 1-2.5 mm; anthers 4-loculed, 1-1.5(-2.5) mm. Style cylindric, 5-angled, constricted in middle, 3-6 mm; stigma capitate. Berry red, ellipsoid, ca. 6 × 4 mm, papillose. Fl. Jan-Jul, fr. May-Aug.
It is a parasite that grows over other trees and can kill them. It is a woody plant. The branches are up to 1.5 m long. The leaves are opposite and papery. They are oval and 5-12 cm long by 3-5 cm wide. The flowers are red or pink or yellow. They have short stalks. There are 40-60 flowers in spike like groups in the axils of leaves. These are 5-10 cm long. The fruit are red and oblong. They are 6 mm long by 4 mm wide. They are densely hairy.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support parasite
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.0 - 1.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows on oaks, chestnuts, camphors, tung-oil trees and various wild figs.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The leaves are used as a substitute for tea.
Uses material medicinal tea
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Helixanthera parasitica world distribution map, present in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Indonesia, India, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:548786-1
WFO ID wfo-0000719084
COL ID 3KF4J
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Loranthus cumingii Loranthus spicifer Lanthorus spicifer Phoenicanthemum xestophyllum Lanthorus pentasepalus Lanthorus macrostachys Loranthus xestophyllus Helixanthera parasitica Helixanthera sumatrana Helixanthera xestophylla Leucobotrys adpressus Lanthorus blumeanus Loranthus adpressus Helicia parasitica Helixanthera annamica Helixanthera parviflora Lanthorus cumingii