Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook.

Kamraj (en)

Species

Pteridophytes > Ophioglossales > Ophioglossaceae > Helminthostachys

Characteristics

Rhizome 4-8 mm in diam. Fronds usually single at rhizome apex, 20-60 cm tall; stipe base sheath ca. 1 cm; common stipe fleshy, 10-55 cm, 2-8 mm in diam., glabrous; sterile lamina ternate with basal pinnae divided into 3 or 4 pinnules; pinnules lanceolate, 6-20 × 1.5-3 cm, base decurrent, margin irregularly toothed, apex acute or rounded. Spikelike sporophore arising at top of common stipe; stalk 4-10 cm, spike 4-20 cm, 5-12 mm in diam., branches divided 1 or 2 times, each consisting of stalk bearing a pseudowhorl of sporangia and 1-4 forked sterile apical appendages. 2n = 188.
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Rhizome slow-creeping, unbranched, subterranean. Fronds 1 or 2 near apex of rhizome; common basal stipe erect, 15–40 cm long. Sterile lamina tripartite; parts sessile or shortly stalked, divided into 3 or 5 pinnules. Pinnae lanceolate to elliptic, acute or rarely obtuse, 5–21 cm long, 6–40 mm wide; margins entire, crenate or serrate; veins free, dichotomously branched. Sporophore cylindrical, 4–13 cm long, 5–10 mm wide, on a 4–14 cm long stipe. Lateral branches each with a group of free sessile sporangia and sterile lobes at the apex.
A fern. It is erect and grows in soil. It grows 15-90 cm tall. It has a deep creeping rhizome of underground stem. There are 1-2 leaves. The leaf stalk is thick. It is 10-60 cm long. The sterile part of the leaf is divided 3 times and these each have 2-5 segments. The segments are sword shaped and taper to the tip and have fine teeth along the edge. They are 5-25 cm long by 2-5 cm wide. The fertile spike is at the top. It is on a stalk 3-30 cm long and the spike is 5-21 cm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.2 - 0.6
Root system creeping-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical plant. In Indonesia it grows from sea level to 725 m above sea level. It grows in moist poorly drained soil. It is often along rivers and on the edge of forests.
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Common on the edges of vine forest, in alluvial soils by streams, rivers or billabongs or in rich, organic, black soils on the margins of Melaleuca swamps in northern Queensland.
Common on the edges of vine forest, in alluvial soils by streams, rivers or billabongs or in rich, organic, black soils on the margins of Melaleuca swamps.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The young leaves are eaten raw or steamed. The young leaf stalks are cooked and eaten like asparagus.
Uses environmental use food material medicinal
Edible fronds leaves rhizomes
Therapeutic use Antiviral agents (leaf), Constipation (leaf), Oral ulcer (leaf), Pharyngitis (leaf), Tongue diseases (leaf), Anti-inflammatory agents (rhizome), Antipyretics (rhizome), Antirheumatic agents (rhizome), Aphrodisiacs (rhizome), Common cold (rhizome), Cough (rhizome), Diarrhea (rhizome), Dysentery (rhizome), Disorder of ejaculation (rhizome), Erectile dysfunction (rhizome), Fatigue (rhizome), Fever (rhizome), Jaundice (rhizome), Liver diseases (rhizome), Low back pain (rhizome), Malaria (rhizome), Increase physical endurance, strength and stamina (rhizome), Reproductive health (rhizome), Anodyne (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Intoxicant (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Pertussis (unspecified), Phthisis (unspecified), Syphilis (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Catarrh (unspecified), Sciatica (unspecified), Tuberculosis (unspecified), Alcoholic intoxication (unspecified), Analgesics (unspecified), Antipyretics (unspecified), Aphrodisiacs (unspecified), Appetite stimulants (unspecified), Furunculosis (unspecified), Laxatives (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Helminthostachys zeylanica unspecified picture
Helminthostachys zeylanica unspecified picture

Distribution

Helminthostachys zeylanica world distribution map, present in Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Micronesia (Federated States of), Guam, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Japan, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Thailand, United States of America, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17116690-1
WFO ID wfo-0001107319
COL ID 3KGKX
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 673293
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Osmunda laciniata Botryopteris crenata Helminthostachys crenata Helminthostachys dulcis Helminthostachys integrifolia Helminthostachys laciniata Helminthostachys mexicana Osmunda zeylanica Botrychium zeylanicum Ophiala zeylanica Helminthostachys zeylanica Botryopteris mexicana Helminthostachys zeylanica var. brachyspicae