Heteranthera reniformis Ruiz & Pav.

Kidneyleaf mudplantain (en), Hétéranthère réniforme (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Commelinales > Pontederiaceae > Heteranthera

Characteristics

Plants annual or facultatively perennial. Vegetative stems submersed with elongate internodes, or emersed and procumbent. Flowering stems 1–9 cm, distal internode 0.5–4 cm. Sessile leaves forming basal rosette, blade linear to oblanceolate, thin, 2.4–3.7 cm × 3–8 mm. Petiolate leaves floating or emersed; stipule 1–5 cm; petiole 2–13 cm; blade reniform, 1–4 × 1–5 cm, length equal to or less than width, apex obtuse. Inflorescences spicate, 2–8-flowered, elongating in 1 day, usually shorter than spathes, terminal flower sometimes extending beyond spathe apex; spathes 0.8–5.5 cm, glabrous; peduncle 0.5–4.2 cm, glabrous. Flowers opening ca. 3 hours after sunrise, wilting by early afternoon; perianth white, salverform, tube 5–10 mm, limbs zygomorphic, lobes narrowly elliptic, 3–6.5 mm, distal central lobe with yellow or green region at base, sometimes with distal brown spot; stamens unequal, lateral stamens 0.9–2.2 mm, filaments linear, pubescent with white multicellular hairs toward apex; central stamen 2.2–4.7 mm, filament sparsely pubescent with multicellular hairs; style pubescent with multicellular hairs. Seeds 8–14-winged, 0.5–0.9 × 0.3–0.5 mm. 2n = 48.
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Plants rooted, with elongate creeping stems. Leaves monomorphic with ex-panded reniform blade as large as 3 cm. long and 5 cm. broad; petiole extended. Spathe loosely ensheathing, caudate, 1-3 cm. long. Inflorescence short-spicate, 1-5 cm. long, 2-to 6-flowered. Flowers white or lavender, less than 2 cm. long, the tube less than 1 cm. long, usually about 0.7 cm. long; perianth lobes spread-ing, glandular-pubescent without; anterior sepal reflexed, very narrow; posterior petal somewhat expanded, green at base; stamens dimorphic, anterior longer, about 4 mm. long, posterior ones shorter, about 2 mm. long; larger anther oblong, green, about 1.5 mm. long, smaller ones globular, yellow, basifixed, about 0.5 mm. long; filaments dilated at their base, adnate to the perianth tube; style longer than the tube, about 7 mm. long above the ovary, with an expanded brush-like stigma facing upward and inward. Capsule about 1 cm. long; seed columnar, longitudinally ridged, 0.5-0.8 mm. long, 0.3-0.5 mm. broad.
Aerial lvs with floating or emersed, reniform blade 1–4 × 1–5 cm, as wide as or somewhat wider than long; petioles to 1.3 dm; spathe folded, 1–5 cm, loosely sheathingbelow; fls 2–8, all opening the same day, only the terminal one sometimes extending past the tip of the spathe; perianth largely white, densely glandular-pubescent outside, the tube 5–10 mm, the lobes 3–6.5 mm, 5 above and one below, the central upper one with 2 yellow (or green) spots at the base; filaments sparsely pubescent with spreading multicellular white hairs at least toward the tip; style pubescent with multicellular hairs; 2n=48. In shallow water or emersed on mud; Conn. and N.Y. to Mo., s. to trop. Amer.
Inflorescences 2-7-flowered. Flowers sessile. Tepals shorter than 1 cm. Perianth strongly zygomorphic, very distinctly gamophyllous, posterior segment with a discolorous blotch. Stamens 3; anthers basifixed. Filaments, at least those of the longer stamens, hairy.
A scrambling plant. The stems are long and branching. The leaves are kidney shaped and are about 2.5 cm across. The flowers occur in bunches and are pale blue.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support aquatic
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.2 - 0.5
Root system creeping-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It grows in warm and tropical places. It can grow along the edges of ponds. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 1,000 m above sea level.
Light -
Soil humidity 10-12
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-10

Usage

The leaves and leaf stalks are cooked and eaten.
Uses medicinal
Edible leaves stems
Therapeutic use Dermatological Aid (root)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Heteranthera reniformis leaf picture by Audrei Bittencourt Maciel Audrei (cc-by-sa)
Heteranthera reniformis leaf picture by Aurelio Peña (cc-by-sa)
Heteranthera reniformis leaf picture by Pons Ferré Josep (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Heteranthera reniformis flower picture by Matthew Horrigan (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Heteranthera reniformis world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Australia, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Spain, Georgia, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Haiti, Italy, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Paraguay, United States of America, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:698080-1
WFO ID wfo-0000441633
COL ID 3L7CG
BDTFX ID 31921
INPN ID 101503
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Heteranthera pubescens Heteranthera reniformis Leptanthus peruvianus Pontederia azurea Buchosia aquatica Heterandra reniformis Heteranthera acuta Heteranthera virginicus Phrynium reniforme Heteranthera virginica Leptanthus reniformis Schollera reniformis Leptanthus virginicus Heteranthera reniformis var. conjungens Phrynium reniforme var. acutum