Hibiscus diversifolius Jacq.

Species

Angiosperms > Malvales > Malvaceae > Hibiscus

Characteristics

Shrub 2–2.5 (–4) m high. Branchlets with stellate hairs (one or two size classes, usually fine throughout and sometimes coarse hairs present, hairs scattered or in a longitudinal band on each internode, sparse to very dense), aculei (scattered to moderately dense, 0.5–1.25 mm long) and glandular hairs. Stipules subulate, 4–5 mm long, later caducous, indumentum of stellate and glandular hairs. Climax leaves: petiole 60–170 mm long, indumentum similar to that of branchlet; lamina broadly ovate to orbicular, unlobed to moderately 1–5-lobed (lobes longer than wide or as long as wide), 50–140 mm long, 60–140 mm wide; lamina or lobes apex obtuse, acute or acuminate, margins serrate, base truncate to cordate, subentire or serrate margin, concolorous, the indumentum generally similar on both surfaces, the abaxial surface with the midrib and primary vein indumentum dissimilar to the interveinal regions, with stellate hairs (moderately dense to very dense, the hairs fine), fine bristles (scattered to moderately dense), and glandular hairs, with aculei sometimes also present. Distal leaves reduced in size, narrowly elliptic, narrowly ovate or ovate. Foliar nectary at lamina base, 0.5–3 mm long. Flowers racemose, not pedunculate; pedicel c. 3 mm long, with stellate hairs and coarse bristles; epicalyx with coarse bristles, 7–10-segmented, the segments free at the base, incurved, linear, 0.7–0.8 times the length of the calyx, 10–14 mm long; calyx at anthesis 14–18 mm long, the indumentum yellowish, with moderately to very dense coarse bristles, calyx nectaries absent; petals 3–5 mm long, yellow or pink; staminal column 15–30 mm long, stamens distributed throughout, filaments 1–2 mm long; style exserted 0–6 mm beyond the apex of the staminal column, the branches c. 1 mm long, stigmas capitate, hairs to 0.2 mm long. Capsule ovoid, 20–25 mm long, densely hairy (except for the beak), the simple hairs appressed; beak c. 2 mm long. Seeds angular-reniform, c. 4 mm long. [See also Green (1994: 116–117).]
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A small shrub. It is often scrambling. It is often 1-2 m high but can be a medium sized tree up to 10 m tall. The bark is brownish-grey. The young branches are hairy and densely covered with prickles. The leaves are oval or round and 16 cm long by 16 cm wide. There are 3-7 distinct lobes. There are hairs on both surfaces, those underneath being longer. The edges of the leaves are irregularly toothed or scalloped. The leaf stalk is 12 cm long and hairy. The flowers are yellow or purplish, with a dark red centre. They are 8 cm long. The flowers occur singly in the axils of leaves. They can appear to be in groups towards the ends of branches. The fruit is an oval capsule. It is 2 cm long. It is sharply pointed. It is densely covered with silky golden hairs.
Shrub, 0.75-3.00 m high; stems with many stout conical prickles and with one or more lines of pubescence. Leaves ± ovate in outline, lower leaves deep palmately 3-7-lobed, lobes ± lanceolate, apex obtuse to acute, margins serrate, base cuneate to shallowly cordate with nectary. Flowers axillary, 1-3 at each node; peduncles articulating at base. Epicalyx bracts ± linear, bristly. Calyx 5-lobed, lobes lanceolate with conspicuous central nectary, densely covered with stiff bristles; becoming coriaceous at maturity. Petals obovate, cream-coloured to light yellow, purple-centred. Staminal tube 15-32 mm long; filaments 1-2 mm long. Flowering time all year. Fruit a densely appressed, pubescent capsule. Seeds subreniform, dark brown.
Stout perennial up to ± 2 m. tall, with stout stems, woody towards base and beset with sharp prickles. Lvs on stout petioles up to 8 cm. long; lamina 5-10 × 3-8 cm., broad-cordate to suborbicular, sts truncate, shallowly ± 3-5-lobed, scabrous, crenate-dentate. Fls 5-8 cm. diam., in terminal racemes, on short pedicels. Bracts lanceolate to 3-fid. Bracteoles 10, linear, ± 15 mm. long, hispid. Calyx densely clad in long stiff hairs, lobes lanceolate, ± 10 mm. long. Petals pale-to lemon-yellow, with basal dark purplish blotch, obovate, ± 3·5 × 3·5 cm. Capsule ± 2 × 2 cm., ovoid, acute to acuminate, hispid. Seeds pale brown, angled, glab., 4-5 mm. long.
Perennial to 2-(3) m high, woody at base; stems and petioles with spines 1-2 mm long. Lvs sparsely to densely clothed in simple hairs, suborbicular to ovate, not lobed or 3-5-lobed to usually < 1/2 radius, irregularly serrate, 2-10 cm long. Fls in terminal racemes, lowermost subtended by lvs; epicalyx segments 8-12, united at base only; calyx teeth triangular, > tube, moderately to densely hairy; petals yellow, dark-purplish at base, 30-60 mm long. Capsule enclosed by calyx; seeds smooth.
Erect, prickly perennial to 2.5 m. Leaves 3-5-palmate, coarsely toothed, on long, prickly petioles. Flowers shortly pedicellate in terminal racemes, large, pale yellow with dark eye, epicalyx of 10-12 linear lobes, staminal tube to 20 mm long; seeds concentric-scaly.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.6
Mature height (meter) 1.5 - 2.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It grows in warm temperate regions and can grow in the subtropics. It grows in damp places along rivers and near the edges of lakes. The soil needs to be well drained but wet. It can stand light frosts. In Tanzania it grows from sea level to 1,800 m above sea level. It grows in areas with a rainfall between 1,400-2,100 mm. It grows well in deep clay soils with permanent moisture. It suits hardiness zones 10-12. Adelaide Botanical Gardens.
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Riverine areas and swamps in open vegetation, at elevations up to 1,800 metres. Mainly by the coast, especially near rainforests, occasionally on disturbed ground in eastern Australia, where it sometimes appears semi-aquatic..
Riverine areas and swamps in open vegetation, at elevations up to 1,800 metres. Mainly by the coast, especially near rainforests, occasionally on disturbed ground in eastern Australia, where it sometimes appears semi-aquatic.
Strongly associated with waterways, found on the banks of lakes, streams, rivers, wetlands, swamps, lagoons and beachfronts. 
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

The flowers are cooked and eaten. The leaves may have to be used with caution. They are bitter and sour. They are wilted in the sun then chopped and cooked.
Uses fiber food gene source material medicinal
Edible flowers leaves roots seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed or cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Flower

Hibiscus diversifolius flower picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Hibiscus diversifolius world distribution map, present in Angola, Australia, Burundi, Benin, Burkina Faso, Belize, Brazil, Cameroon, Congo, Costa Rica, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Kenya, Madagascar, Mexico, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Malawi, Niger, New Zealand, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, Senegal, South Sudan, Chad, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30353469-2
WFO ID wfo-0000722500
COL ID 3LJNW
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 670790
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Hibiscus scaber Furcaria diversifolia Abelmoschus persicifolius Althaea spicata Hibiscus beckleri Hibiscus biflorus Hibiscus diversifolius Hibiscus persicifolius Hibiscus paludosus Hibiscus spicatus Hibiscus diversifolius var. diversifolius Hibiscus diversifolius subsp. diversifolius

Lower taxons

Hibiscus diversifolius subsp. rivularis Hibiscus diversifolius var. angustilobus