Hibiscus radiatus Cav.

Monarch rosemallow (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malvales > Malvaceae > Hibiscus

Characteristics

Herbs or subshrubs, erect or decumbent, to 1.5(–2) m, herbage usually glabrous, sometimes with prickles or simple hairs. Stems also with line of fine, curved hairs. Leaves: stipules linear-lanceolate, 10–16 mm, ciliate; petiole mostly 2/3 to equaling blade, with fine, curved hairs adaxially, sometimes sparingly prickly; blade broadly to transversely triangular-ovate, mostly 5-fid, 4.5–15 × 6–17 cm, base truncate or broadly and shallowly cordate, margins serrate, apex acuminate, segments lanceolate, surfaces glabrous but veins sometimes with retrorse prickles abaxially, nectary sometimes present abaxially on midvein near base. Inflorescences solitary flowers in axils of distal leaves. Pedicels jointed near middle, to 1.5 cm, prickly distal to joint; involucellar bractlets 8–10, flattened or canaliculate, 1–1.8 cm, margins setose, apex simple, 2-fid, or appendaged, spreading in flower to reflexed in fruit. Flowers horizontal or ascending; calyx divided 2/3+ length, cylindric-campanulate, 1.5–2.5 cm, accrescent, lobes narrowly triangular, with 3 prominent, setose ribs, 2 marginal, 1 medial, these often darker and with stinging bristly hairs, apices acuminate-attenuate, nectary absent; corolla rotate, petals usually dark red to rose-purple, rarely yellow, with dark purple basally, asymmetrically obovate, 3.5–7 × 3–5.5 cm, margins repand, finely hairy abaxially where exposed in bud; staminal column straight, maroon, 2.4–3.5 cm, bearing filaments nearly throughout, free portion of filaments not secund, mostly 1.5–2.5 mm; pollen dull yellow; styles maroon, 1.5–3 mm; stigmas dark maroon. Capsules pinkish brown, ovoid, 1.8–2.5 cm, apex acute, apiculate, antrorsely hispid, hairs readily deciduous, simple. Seeds dark olivaceous, with fine, raised, concentric lines, angulately reniform-ovoid, 4.2–4.8 mm, moderately verrucose-lepidote, scales striate-fimbriate. 2n = 72 (Trinidad, where cultivated).
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Herb, annual, up to 2-3 m high, the stem simple or branched, sparsely aculeo-late, the prickles pustular-based and upturned, otherwise glabrous or with a longi-tudinal short-hairy line changing radially at each node. Leaves with slender elongate petioles, these with the same indumentum as the stem, the stipules fili-form; blade polymorphic, simple and more or less subcircular to usually 3-to 5(-7)-palmatifid, the lobes elliptic to linear-ovate and acute or acuminate, serrate at the margins, up to 15 cm long, glabrate or with few minute prickles on the veins. Flowers axillary, solitary or in racemiform terminal inflorescences by reduc-tion of the uppermost leaves, subsessile or short-pedicellate, the pedicel stout, up to 5 mm long and aculeolate; epicalyx of 7-10 bractlets, these linear, channelled, united at the base and adnate to the base of the calyx, flattened and slightly dilated at the apex, usually with a small tooth-like appendage on the inner surface below the apex, 8-15 mm long, setose especially along the margins, the setae hyaline and pustular-based; calyx cupuliform, lobed to below the middle, 15-25 mm long, up to 30 mm in fruit, scarious, greenish or whitish, setose, the lobes long-acuminate, 3-nerved, eglandular; petals cuneate-obovate, rounded at the apex, 3.5-8 cm long, yellow or red, with crimson basal spots; staminal tube about 1 as long as the corolla, antheriferous on most of its length, the filaments mostly paired; style about as long as the staminal tube, the stigmas densely fimbrillate. Capsule surrounded by the persistent epicalyx and calyx, ovoid, acuminate, 15-20 mm long, densely ap-pressed-setose, the valves ligneous; seeds subreniform-angulate, 3-5 mm long, very minutely appressed-squamose.
A shrub. It keeps growing from year to year. It grows from 0.5-2 m tall. It can be upright or lie over. The leaf stalk is 3-11 cm long and spiny. The leaf blade is wide and often with 3 lobes on the lower stem and 3-5 lobes arranged like fingers on a hand higher up the stem. There are teeth around the edge. Leaves are 5-12 cm long by 4-15 cm wide. The flowers occur singly in the axils of leaves. Flowers are purple or red. The fruit is a round capsule about 15 mm across. It has flat long spines. The seeds are triangle shaped. They are brown and about 4 mm across.
Life form
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.8
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in the rainforest. In Argentina it grows below 500 m above sea level.
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Not known in a truly wild situation, naturalized in deciduous forests in southern India.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The sour leaves are eaten.
Uses environmental use fiber food material medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Medicine (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds or cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Flower

Hibiscus radiatus flower picture by richard watkins (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Hibiscus radiatus world distribution map, present in Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, China, Colombia, Ecuador, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Honduras, India, Jamaica, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Saint Lucia, Mexico, Myanmar, Martinique, Nicaragua, Nepal, Panama, Philippines, Paraguay, El Salvador, Suriname, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:560723-1
WFO ID wfo-0000722975
COL ID 3LK6T
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 629854
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Pavonia perinii Hibiscus heptaphyllus Canhamo braziliensis Hibiscus unidens Hibiscus lindleyi Hibiscus cannabinus var. unidens Hibiscus radiatus