Hibiscus surattensis L.

Species

Angiosperms > Malvales > Malvaceae > Hibiscus

Characteristics

Herbs annual, subshrublike, 0.5-2(-4) m tall, usually procumbent, sometimes scandent, most parts sparsely villous and aculeate, prickles retrorsely curved. Stipules auriculate, foliaceous, ca. 5 mm, sparsely long hirsute; petiole 2-7 cm, abaxially sparsely aculeate, adaxially densely long hirsute; leaf blade palmately 3-5-lobed, 5-10 × 5-11 cm, lobes ovate-lanceolate, 3-7 × 1.5-3 cm, sparsely strigose on both surfaces, margin irregularly serrate; basal veins 5, sparsely aculeate. Flowers solitary, axillary. Pedicel 1-5 cm, sparsely aculeate and villous. Epicalyx lobes 8-10, base terete, 5-7 mm, inner branch erect, linear-lanceolate to filiform, 1-2 cm, aculeate, outer branch/abaxial appendage ovate to elliptic, 0.7-1 cm. Calyx turning reddish in fruit, shallowly cup-shaped, lobes 5, ovate-lanceolate, apex long acuminate, ca. 2.5 cm, aculeate. Corolla pale yellow with dark red center; petals ca. 3.5 cm. Capsule ovate-globose, ca. 1.2 × 1 cm, densely scabrous and hirsute with long hairs, shortly beaked. Seeds reniform, sparsely strigose with white minute hairs. Fl. Sep-Mar.
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A spiny vine or shrub. It grows each year from seed. It is 0.5-2 m high but often lies over. The leaf stalk is 2-7 cm long. It is densely hairy. The leaves are alternate and deeply lobed. There are 3-5 lobes. They are somewhat hairy and with toothed edges. The leaves are 5-10 cm long by 5-11 cm wide. The lobes are sword shaped and 3-7 cm long by 1.5-3 cm wide. The flowers occur singly in the axils of leaves. The flowers are large and yellowish or whitish and tinged with red. The fruit is a capsule which is oval or round and 1.2 cm across. The seeds are kidney shaped with very fine white hairs.
Leaf-lamina up to 10 × 10 cm., broadly ovate to suborbicular in outline, sparsely hispid on both surfaces and aculeate on the nerves beneath, palmately 3–5-lobed (sometimes only shallowly) to palmatipartite; segments elliptic, somewhat constricted towards the base, rather coarsely toothed; petiole up to 11 cm. long, hairy like the stems; stipules up to 15 × 10 mm., broad, auriculate, ± amplexicaul.
Prostrate annual herb, climber or scrambler, with small recurved prickles on stems, petioles and peduncles. Bracts of epicalyx clearly forked. Stipules broad, auriculate and amplexicaul. Flowers yellow with purple centre.
Flowers up to 10 cm. in diam., yellow with purple centre, solitary, axillary; peduncle up to 6–7 cm. long, hispid and aculeate, articulated 3–7 mm. below the apex and often more densely hispid above the articulation.
Calyx 10-veined, becoming scarious; lobes up to 25 × 10 mm., ovate-lanceolate, usually somewhat rigid with long sharp apices, setose and aculeate on the median and marginal nerves.
Annual herb, prostrate or climbing or scrambling up to 3 m.; stems hispid and/or pubescent and sparsely to rather densely aculeate.
Epicalyx of 8–9 bracts; bracts 10–15 mm. long, forked with the inner branch linear and inflexed and the outer branch spathulate.
Seeds 3–3·5 × 2·5 mm., subreniform, with a few minute white appressed-stellate hairs.
Style branching 5 mm. above the apex of the staminal tube; branches 2–2·5 mm. long.
Staminal tube up to 15 mm. long; free parts of filaments 1·5–2·5 mm. long.
Capsule 15 × 12 mm., globose-ovoid, densely appressed-pilose, apex acute.
Petals up to 5 × 3·5 cm., obovate, glabrous or nearly so.
Stems with spreading hairs and recurved prickles
Herbaceous, trailing or climbing
Flowers yellow with red centre.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination autogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.5 - 2.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. They are found throughout the Philippines in open grasslands. In China it grows in valleys and open slopes between 1000-1180 m altitude in S China. It Africa it grows up to 1,700 m above sea level. It often grows in areas with a rainfall between 1,000-1,600 mm. It can grow in arid places. It can grow in coastal places on sand dunes. In Yunnan.
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Grassland and at forest edges in lowland and at medium elevations up to 1,700 metres. Also found in marshes, abandoned fields and plantations, on waste ground near habitation, and in coastal habitats such as sand dunes.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The leaves are cooked as a flavouring with fish and meat. They are sour. The young leaves are cooked as a vegetable. They are also used in curries. It can be used to thicken sauces.
Uses animal food environmental use fiber food food additive gene source material medicinal
Edible flowers fruits leaves shoots
Therapeutic use Emollients (flower), Constipation (leaf), Cough (leaf), Gonorrhea (leaf), Intestinal diseases (leaf), Counterirritant (leaf), Sexually transmitted diseases (leaf), Ureteral diseases (leaf), Urethritis (leaf), Cooling effect on body (root), Counterirritant (stem), Sexually transmitted diseases (stem), Urethritis (stem), Cough (unspecified), Emollient (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Pectoral (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Venereal (unspecified), Dermatosis (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Urethritis (unspecified), Fractures, bone (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Hibiscus surattensis leaf picture by Semdoe Mohamed (cc-by-sa)
Hibiscus surattensis leaf picture by Augustin Soulard (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Hibiscus surattensis flower picture by sylvie milius taillefer (cc-by-sa)
Hibiscus surattensis flower picture by Herwig Mees (cc-by-sa)
Hibiscus surattensis flower picture by dominique grandgeorge dominoel (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Hibiscus surattensis world distribution map, present in Angola, Burundi, Benin, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Central African Republic, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Guernsey, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Indonesia, Kenya, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Malawi, Malaysia, Nigeria, Philippines, Réunion, Rwanda, Senegal, Singapore, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Togo, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Viet Nam, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:560886-1
WFO ID wfo-0000723123
COL ID 3LKBH
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 710414
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Furcaria surattensis Abelmoschus aculeatus Hibiscus appendiculatus Hibiscus aculeatus Hibiscus involucratus Hibiscus surattensis Hibiscus surattensis var. villosus