Hibiscus syriacus L.

Rose of sharon (en), Hibiscus (fr), Hibiscus de Syrie (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Malvales > Malvaceae > Hibiscus

Characteristics

Shrubs to 4 m. Stems: twigs ± glabrous except for line of minute, curved hairs running length of internode. Leaves: stipules linear to filiform, 2.5–12 mm; petiole mostly 1/4–1/2 blade, densely hairy adaxially; blade broadly rhombic-ovate, usually 3-lobed, sometimes unlobed in inflorescence, 3.5–9.5 × 2.5–8.5 cm, base cuneate or rounded, margins coarsely crenate-serrate, apex acute to short-acuminate, surfaces glabrate, midvein with nectary abaxially. Inflorescences solitary flowers or few-flowered clusters in axils of distal leaves. Pedicels jointed at or near base, to 1.5 cm, densely, minutely stellate-hairy; involucellar bractlets 7 or 8, linear or narrowly oblanceolate, 0.9–2.2 cm, unequal in length, margins not ciliate, densely stellate-hairy throughout. Flowers horizontal or ascending, sometimes double; calyx lobed 1/2 length, broadly campanulate, 1.6–2 cm, lobes triangular, apices acute or short-acuminate, minutely and densely stellate-hairy throughout, nectaries absent; corolla broadly funnelform, petals pink, lavender, blue, or white, usually dark red basally, obliquely obovate, 3.5–7.5 × 2.5–5.5 cm, margins entire or repand, sometimes undulate, finely hairy where exposed in bud; staminal column white, 2.5–3.5 cm, bearing filaments nearly throughout, free portion of filaments not secund, mostly 1.5–3 mm; pollen cream; styles white, 3–8 mm, branches sometimes of unequal lengths; stigmas white. Capsules greenish tan, ovoid, 1.5–2.5 cm, apex apiculate, minutely, densely stellate-hairy. Seeds reddish brown, reniform-ovoid, laterally flattened, 4–5 mm, glabrous laterally, long-hairy dorsally, hairs straight, reddish orange. 2n = 40, 80, 90 (all cultivars).
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Shrubs deciduous, erect, 1.5-4 m tall. Branchlets yellow stellate puberulent. Stipules filiform-subulate, ca. 6 mm, pilose; petiole 5-25 mm, stellate pubescent adaxially; leaf blade rhomboid to triangular-ovate or broadly lanceolate, variously 3-lobed or entire, 3-10 × 2-4 cm, papery, abaxially puberulent along veins or glabrous, adaxially glabrous, basal veins 3-5, base cuneate, margin irregularly incised, apex obtuse to subacute. Flowers solitary, axillary on upper branches. Pedicel 4-14 mm, stellate puberulent. Epicalyx lobes 6-8, filiform, 6-20 × 0.5-2 mm, ± free, connate at base only, densely stellate puberulent, apex obtuse or acute. Calyx campanulate, 14-20 mm, densely stellate puberulent, lobes 5, triangular. Corolla blue-purple, violet, white, pink, or reddish, sometimes with darker center, campanulate, sometimes double, 5-6 cm in diam.; petals obovate, 3.5-4.5 cm, pilose and stellate villous abaxially. Staminal column ca. 3 cm. Style glabrous. Capsule ovoid-globose, ca. 12 mm in diam., densely yellow stellate puberulent. Seeds reniform, with yellow-white hairs abaxially. Fl. Jul-Oct.
Branching shrub to 6 m; lvs ovate in outline, usually 3-lobed, coarsely serrate or dentate, glabrous; cal densely but finely stellate; pet 4–6 cm, white or variously pink, red, blue, or violet; fr prismatic, pointed, densely stellate-tomentose; seeds long-hairy on the margins; 2n=80–92. Native of e. Asia, persistent after cult. and occasionally escaped. July–Sept.
A shrub 3-4 m high. It spreads 1.2-1.8 m wide. It loses its leaves in cooler climates. The leaves are oval with teeth around the edge. They are small and hairless. The flowers are purple with crimson centres. The flowers are bell shaped and can be single or double. They are produced in the axils of leaves. There are a range of cultivated varieties.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 1.5 - 2.0
Mature height (meter) 2.75 - 3.0
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. In the tropics it grows at high altitude. It is frost hardy but flowers are damaged by frost. It suits hardiness zones 5-9. At Anvers Chocolate factory. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
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Sea cliffs, hillsides, along streams, roadsides, also extensively cultivated; at elevations up to 1,200 metres.
Sea cliffs, hillsides, along streams, roadsides, also extensively cultivated; at elevations up to 1,200 metres.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 4-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-9

Usage

The young leaves are boiled and eaten with oil and salt. They are used for tea. The flowers can be eaten. They are used in soup. The calyces or the flower are eaten.
Uses construction dye environmental use essential oil fiber fibre food insect repellent material medicinal oil ornamental rubber tea
Edible flowers leaves roots seeds
Therapeutic use Demulcents (bark), Diarrhea (bark), Dysentery (bark), Dysmenorrhea (bark), Fever (bark), Demulcents (flower), Diarrhea (flower), Diuretics (flower), Dysentery (flower), Pruritus (flower), Skin diseases (flower), Antioxidants (leaf), Appetite stimulants (leaf), Diabetes mellitus (leaf), Lipid peroxidation (leaf), Antifungal agents (plant cells/culture), Demulcents (root), Diarrhea (root), Dysentery (root), Dysmenorrhea (root), Fever (root), Anti-bacterial agents (seed), Antifungal agents (seed), Anti-infective agents, local (seed), Common cold (seed), Headache (seed), Antidiarrheic (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Dermatophytosis (unspecified), Dermatosis (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Hematofeces (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Itch (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Vertigo (unspecified), Headache (unspecified), Demulcent (unspecified), Vision (unspecified), Tea (unspecified), Wart (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds and cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 22
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -20
Optimum temperature (C°) 15 - 28
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Hibiscus syriacus habit picture by Mathieu C. (cc-by-sa)
Hibiscus syriacus habit picture by John Sycorax (cc-by-sa)
Hibiscus syriacus habit picture by wilfried moulinet (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Hibiscus syriacus leaf picture by Tiby (cc-by-sa)
Hibiscus syriacus leaf picture by j lay (cc-by-sa)
Hibiscus syriacus leaf picture by phoceen12 (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Hibiscus syriacus flower picture by valmeloi (cc-by-sa)
Hibiscus syriacus flower picture by Guy-Noel MATHIEU (cc-by-sa)
Hibiscus syriacus flower picture by François Bonnefont (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Hibiscus syriacus fruit picture by Emmanuel Barichasse (cc-by-sa)
Hibiscus syriacus fruit picture by Anne Bellon (cc-by-sa)
Hibiscus syriacus fruit picture by Draper Jonathan Draper (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Hibiscus syriacus world distribution map, present in Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Bhutan, China, Cameroon, Cook Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Fiji, France, Georgia, Equatorial Guinea, Greece, Honduras, Croatia, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Italy, Japan, Mexico, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Mozambique, Mauritius, Niue, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Réunion, Russian Federation, El Salvador, Slovakia, Thailand, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Tonga, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:560890-1
WFO ID wfo-0000723127
COL ID 3LKBM
BDTFX ID 31973
INPN ID 101544
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Ketmia syriaca Althaea frutex Hibiscus floridus Hibiscus rhombifolius Hibiscus acerifolius Hibiscus arborescens Ketmia syrorum Hibiscus chinensis Hibiscus syriacus var. micranthus Hibiscus syriacus var. syriacus Hibiscus syriacus