Hibiscus tilliaceus L.

Species

Angiosperms > Malvales > Malvaceae > Hibiscus

Characteristics

Shrub or tree 2-13 m high, evergreen, the branchlets minutely stellate-tomen-tellous to stellate-puberulus. Leaves rather long-petiolate, the petiole terete, up to 14.5 cm long, minutely stellate-tomentellous to stellate-puberulus, the stipules large, oblong-ovate, semiamplexicaul, acute, stellate-tomentellous, early caducous and leaving a conspicuous annular scar around the branches; blade circular or nearly so, deeply cordate at the base, usually abruptly short-acuminate at the apex, generally entire or sometimes minutely crenulate at the margin, up to 19 cm long and 18.5 cm wide, coriaceous, strongly discolor, 7-to 9(-11)-palminerved, the upper surface green when fresh, brown when dry and glabrescent, the lower surface grayish-stellate-tomentellous, with prominent venation and commonly with an elongate open gland-at the base of the median vein or of the 3 central veins. Flow-ers axillary, solitary or in few-flowered clusters at the end of the branchlets, the pedicel short, stout, 0.5-1.8 cm long, stellate-tomentellous; epicalyx cupuliform, irregularly 8-to 11-lobed, 1.4-2 cm long, stellate-tomentellous, the lobes acute, 0.5-1.5 cm long; calyx cupuliform, lobed to below the middle, 2.2-3 cm long, stel-late-tomentellous, the lobes narrowly ovate, acute, 1.3-2.2. cm long, 3-nerved; petals obovate to broadly obovate, cuneiform at the base, rounded at the apex, (4-) 5-8 cm long, bright yellow or sometimes orange, fading greenish or reddish, often blackish when dry; staminal tube up to 3.7 cm long, antheriferous throughout, the filaments ca 0.6-0.7 cm long; style ca 1 cm longer than the staminal tube, the branches ca 0.5 cm long, the stigmas densely fimbrillate. Capsule surrounded by the persistent epicalyx and calyx, ovoid or subglobose, apiculate, 1.5-3.5 cm in diam, the valves stellate-tomentellous; seeds reniform, ca 4-4.5 mm long, minutely papillate.
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Shrubs evergreen or trees, 4-10 m tall, to 60 cm d.b.h.; bark gray-white. Branchlets glabrous or nearly so, rarely stellate puberulent or stellate. Stipules foliaceous, oblong, ca. 2 × 1.2 cm, stellate pilose, apex rounded, caducous; petiole 3-8 cm; leaf blade nearly orbicular to broadly ovate, 8-15 × 8-15 cm, leathery, green, abaxially densely gray-white stellate puberulent, adaxially very sparsely stellate scaly, glabrescent, basal veins 7 or 9, base cordate, margin entire or obscurely crenate, apex abruptly acuminate. Inflorescence a 1-to few-flowered racemelike cyme, terminal or axillary; peduncle 4-5 cm. Pedicel 1-3 cm, with 1 pair of stipulelike bracteoles at base. Epicalyx lobes 7-10, joined for 1/3-1/2 of length, free lobes 2-2.5 mm, triangular-acuminate with slightly rounded sinuses, densely gray-white stellate puberulent. Calyx 1.5-2.5 cm, connate proximally for 1/4-1/3 of length, lobes 5, lanceolate, stellate puberulent, persistent. Corolla yellow with dark purple center, campanulate, 6-7.5 cm in diam.; petals obovate, 4-4.5 cm, yellow stellate puberulent abaxially. Filament tube ca. 3 cm, glabrous. Style branches 5, slender, with glandular hairs. Capsule subglobose to ovoid, ca. 2 cm, obscurely beaked, densely fascicled-hirsute, valves 5, woody. Seeds reniform, smooth, glabrous. Fl. Jun-Aug.
Tree or shrub, 0.3-5.0 m high; young branches stellate-tomentose. Leaves suborbicular, upper surface glabrescent, lower densely and finely stellate-tomentose, apex abruptly acuminate, margins entire, base deeply cordate, 5-9-nerved. Flowers in axillary or terminal panicles, up to 80 mm in diam. Calyx up to 30 mm long, 5-lobed to middle, lobes lanceolate, tomentellous. Petals obovate, contorted, yellow, dark centred. Staminal tube ± 250 mm long; filaments 0.5-1.0 mm long. Style branches as many as carpels, densely glandular. Flowering time Dec.-Apr. Fruit a subglobose capsule, acute at apex, tomentose. Seeds subreniform, glabrous.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 8.0 - 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-9
Soil texture 2-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses fiber medicinal timber wood
Edible barks flowers leaves roots
Therapeutic use Hypoglycemic agents (aerial part), Abdominal pain (bark), Antirheumatic agents (bark), Diuretics (bark), Dysentery (bark), Emetics (bark), Emollients (bark), Hypohidrosis (bark), Laxatives (bark), Low back pain (bark), Lung diseases (bark), Menorrhagia (bark), Skin diseases (bark), Ulcer (bark), Wounds and injuries (bark), Contraceptive agents (flower), Diabetes mellitus (flower), Earache (flower), Emollients (flower), Abdominal pain (fruit), Acne vulgaris (leaf), Anti-inflammatory agents (leaf), Antioxidants (leaf), Gonorrhea (leaf), Laxatives (leaf), Menorrhagia (leaf), Skin diseases (leaf), Stomach diseases (leaf), Ulcer (leaf), Urination disorders (leaf), Wounds and injuries (leaf), Antipyretics (root), Fever (root), Pain (root), Emetics (seed), Laxatives (stem), Antiemetics (unspecified), Fractures, bone (unspecified), Hypoglycemic agents (unspecified), Diabetes mellitus (wood)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Hibiscus tilliaceus world distribution map, present in Angola, American Samoa, French Southern Territories, Australia, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brunei Darussalam, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Cook Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Micronesia (Federated States of), Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, French Guiana, Guam, Guyana, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Japan, Cambodia, Kiribati, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Maldives, Mexico, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Mauritius, Mayotte, Nigeria, Niue, Nauru, New Zealand, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Senegal, Singapore, Sao Tome and Principe, Suriname, Seychelles, Thailand, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, United States Minor Outlying Islands, United States of America, Viet Nam, Wallis and Futuna, Samoa, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:560905-1
WFO ID wfo-0001077669
COL ID 54LP7
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 710962
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Hibiscus tiliaceus f. albiflorus Talipariti tiliaceum Parita tiliaceus Abelmoschus guineensis Hibiscus tricuspis Pariti tiliaceum Pariti grande Hibiscus tilliaceus Hibiscus tortuosus Hibiscus tiliifolius Hibiscus boninensis Pariti boninense Pariti hastatum Talipariti hastatum Pariti tortuosum Paritium tricuspe Pariti tiliaceum Paritium tiliaceum Hibiscus circinnatus Paritium circinnatum Paritium abutiloides Talipariti tortuosum Pariti circinnatum Pariti guineense Pariti tricuspe Hibiscus tiliaceus subsp. hastatus Hibiscus tiliaceus var. purpurascens Paritium tiliaceum Cistus tricuspis Hibiscus tiliaceus var. tortuosus Hibiscus hastatus Paritium elatum var. abutiloides Hibiscus tiliaceus var. abutiloides Talipariti tiliaceum var. tiliaceum Hibiscus tiliaceus var. heterophyllus Pariti tiliaceum var. heterophyllum

Lower taxons

Talipariti tiliaceum var. pernambucense Hibiscus tiliaceus var. pernambucensis Hibiscus tiliaceus var. potteri