Hibiscus trionum L.

Flower-of-an-hour (en), Fleur-d'une-heure (fr), Hibiscus d'Afrique (fr), Ketmie d'Afrique (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Malvales > Malvaceae > Hibiscus

Characteristics

Herbs, annual, to 0.6(–1) m, herbage throughout with mixture of coarse, simple or few-armed stellate hairs and fine, many-armed stellate hairs. Stems also with line of fine, curved hairs extending from node to node. Leaves: linear, 1–2.5 cm, margins ± ciliate. Flowers lasting a few hours, ascending or erect; calyx divided 1/2 length, campanulate, 0.8–1.8 cm, accrescent and conspicuously inflating to enclose fruit, becoming scarious, primary veins zigzag, lobes broadly trullate, apices acute, nectaries absent; corolla rotate, petals yellow or cream with conspicuous purple-brown spot basally, purplish abaxially where exposed in bud, obovate to broadly obovate, 1.5–3(–4) × 1–2(–3) cm, apical margins repand, finely hairy abaxially where exposed in bud; staminal column dark red to purple, 0.4–0.7(–1.1) cm, abruptly expanded below to form cup over ovary, bearing filaments in distal 1/2, free portion of filaments not secund, 2–3(–5) mm; pollen yellow-orange; styles usually white to cream, yellowish, or maroon, 2–3(–6) mm; stigmas dark red to purple. Capsules dark brown-black, ellipsoid to ovoid, 1.2–1.5 cm, apex obtuse to broadly acute, hairy. Seeds dark gray-brown, reniform-ovoid, somewhat depressed laterally, 2–2.5 mm, sparingly and minutely papillose. 2n = 28, 56 (both cultivars).
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Herbs annual, erect or procumbent, 25-70 cm tall; stems slender, white stellate hirsute. Stipules filiform, ca. 7 mm, stellate coarsely hirsute; petiole 2-4 cm, stellate hirsute and stellate puberulent; leaf blade 3-6 cm in diam., dimorphic; blades on proximal part of stem orbicular, those on distal part of stem palmately 3-5-lobed, central lobe longer, lateral lobes shorter, lobes obovate to oblong, usually pinnate, sparsely stellate spiny hairy abaxially, sparsely hirsute or glabrous adaxially. Flowers solitary, axillary. Pedicel ca. 2.5 cm, elongated to 4 cm in fruiting, stellate hirsute. Epicalyx lobes 12, filiform, connate at base, ca. 8 mm, hirsute. Calyx greenish, campanulate, swollen, connate for ca. 1/2 length, 1.5-2 cm, membranous, long hirsute or stellate hirsute, lobes 5, triangular, longitudinally purple-veined. Corolla very pale yellow with purple center, 2-3 cm in diam.; petals 5, obovate, ca. 2 cm, abaxially sparsely very minutely puberulent. Staminal column ca. 5 mm; filaments slender, free for ca. 3 mm; anthers yellow. Styles 5, glabrous. Capsule oblong-globose, ca. 1 cm in diam., coarsely hirsute; mericarps 5, endocarp black, thin, exocarp papery. Seeds black, reniform, glandularly verrucose. Fl. Jul-Oct.
Annual or biennial herb up to 0.5 m high, not armed. Stems moderately to densely clothed in stellate hairs when young, becoming ± glabrous. Lvs sparsely hairy with simple and stellate hairs; lower lvs suborbicular and entire to coarsely serrate; stem lvs palmately 3-5-lobed, 1-6 cm long; segments serrate to pinnatifid; petioles 5-15-(30) mm long; stipules linear, 3-8 mm long, persistent. Fls solitary and axillary, or 1-3 and pseudoterminal; epicalyx segments (8)-10-13, free ± to base, linear-lanceolate; calyx campanulate; calyx teeth ovate-triangular, = or somewhat < tube, membranous, with long, few-rayed stellate hairs on veins and margins, scattered short many-rayed stellate hairs on teeth, and short simple hairs within. Petals white to pale yellow, with dark brown, red, purplish or orange markings at base, c. 20-40 mm long. Capsule separating into 5 cells at dehiscence, loosely enclosed by calyx. Seeds brown, papillate, 2-2.5 mm long.
Annual herb, 0.1-1.5 m high; stems stellate-pubescent. Leaves ± suborbicular in outline, deep palmately 3-5-lobed (sometimes palmatisect), lobes ± obcuneate, apex rounded, margins pinnately incised, base truncate to shallowly cordate. Flowers axillary; peduncles up to 55 mm long. Epicalyx bracts 12, filiform. Calyx 5-lobed, lobes united almost to apex, scarious with purplish, longitudinal veins, becoming inflated. Petals obovate, white, cream-coloured or yellow, purple-centred. Staminal tube 3-4 mm long. Flowering time Oct.-Apr. Fruit a capsule, completely surrounded by inflated calyx. Seeds subreniform, tuberculate.
Annual to biennial ± hispid herb up to ± 4 dm. tall; lower branches spreading to prostrate, upper us. ascending. Lvs on petioles ± 5-10 mm. long. Lamina ± 2-8 cm. diam., suborbicular, cordate; of lower lvs rather shallowly 3-5-lobed, of mid and upper lvs more deeply cut, segs narrow, coarsely toothed. Fls axillary, ± 3-5 cm. diam., on peduncles ± 2-5 mm. long. Bracteoles 7-12, linear, hispid; calyx ± 2 × 2 cm., membr., inflated, with raised hispid veins. Petals white to pale yellow, with dark brown base. Capsule subglobose, hairy, enclosed in calyx. Seeds glab., dark brown, subreniform ± 3 mm. long.
An annual herb. It can be erect or lie over. It is 25-70 cm high. The leaves are alternate. The leaf stalk is 2-4 cm long. The leaf blade has 3-5 lobes arranged like fingers on a hand. The leaf blade is 3-6 cm across. The central lobe is longer. The leaf blade is covered with coarse star like hairs. The flowers occur singly in the axils of leaves. They are yellow and purple at the base. They are like a Hibiscus flower. The fruit is a capsule which is about 1 cm across. It is a hairy five celled capsule. There are many black seeds.
Branching, hairy annual 3–5 dm; lvs long-petioled, deeply 3-parted, the segments oblong to obovate, coarsely serrate or lobed; cal conspicuously veined, hispid on the nerves with spreading simple hairs from swollen bases; pet 1.5–4 cm, pale yellow with purple base, expanded only a few hours; mature cal inflated, 5-angled, enclosing the hirsute fr; seeds finely verrucose; 2n=28, 56. Native of s. Europe; fields, roadsides, and waste places from N.S. to Minn., s. to Fla. and Tex. July–Sept.
Annual herb, up to 1.5 m high. Stems straggling; sparsely hairy. Leaves with blade usually deeply 3-5-lobed, ± 70 x 60 mm, margins toothed to lobed. Flowers: solitary; epicalyx with 12 segments; calyx papery, veins green to purple; corolla 20-40 mm in diameter; petals 20-30 mm long, white to cream-coloured with a deep red centre, closing by early afternoon; Oct.-Jun. Fruit with calyx becoming inflated, enclosing fruit.
Leaf-lamina 2–6 × 2–6 cm., suborbicular to ovate in outline (or hastate but not apparently in our area), varying from not lobed to deeply 3–5-palmatilobed or incised, hispid on the nerves, apex rounded, base truncate to slightly cordate, 3–5-nerved, lobes pinnately incised; petiole 1–4 cm. long, hairy like the young stems; stipules 4–8 mm. long, linear.
Stiffly hairy annual. Leaves mostly 3-5-palmatisect, toothed. Flowers pedunculate in upper axils, whitish or pale yellow with dark eye, epicalyx of 10-12 linear lobes, calyx bell-shaped, purple-veined, swollen in fruit, staminal tube 3-4 mm long; seeds tuberculate.
Stiffly hairy annual, up to 1.5 m tall. Leaves mostly 3-5-palmatisect, toothed. Flowers pedunculate in upper axils, yellow with dark eye, epicalyx of 21-25 mmear lobes, calyx bellshaped, purple-veined, swollen in fruit.
Annual herb, up to 1.5 m high. Calyx inflated, scarious, enclosing capsule, lobes connate nearly to apex. Flowers white, cream or yellow with purple centres.
Flowers 2·5–4 cm. in diam., white, cream or yellow, with purple centres, solitary, axillary; peduncle up to 5·5 cm. long, hairy like the young stems.
Calyx up to 2·5 cm. long, scarious with purplish longitudinal veins, stellate-pilose or hispid, becoming inflated; lobes united nearly to the apex.
Annual herb up to 1·5 m. tall; young stems stellate-pubescent to stellate-tomentose or hispid.
Staminal tube 3–4 mm. long, somewhat glandular; free parts of filaments 3–4 mm. long.
Capsule 10–14 mm. in diam., subglobose, hispid, enclosed in the inflated calyx.
Epicalyx of 12 bracts; bracts 7–14 mm. long, filiform, often hispid.
Petals 2–3 × 1·5–3 cm., obovate, nearly glabrous.
Seeds 2 × 1·5 cm., subreniform, tuberculate.
Flowers yellow with a purple centre.
Much-branched hispid annual
Style-branches 2 mm. long.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.4
Mature height (meter) 0.6 - 0.7
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It suits tropical, subtropical and temperate regions. It does best in a sunny position. It does not occur in hot humid tropical rainforest zones. It suits drier warmer places. It can grow in hot arid zones with a marked dry season. It grows between 2-2,635 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places. It suits hardiness zones 10-12. Tasmania Herbarium.
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Cultivated ground and waste places in S.E. Europe. Common in moist to wet disturbed soils throughout its mainly tropical and subtropical range.
Cultivated ground and waste places in S.E. Europe. Common in moist to wet disturbed soils throughout its mainly tropical and subtropical range.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 4-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

The shoots and leaves are cooked and eaten. The pods are used in soups and stews. The pods are sun-dried and powdered and used later in food in Sudan. The seeds are eaten raw and have a sesame flavour. The flowers are used as a herbal tea.
Uses animal food environmental use food food additive material medicinal oil ornamental tea vertebrate poison
Edible flowers fruits leaves pods roots seeds shoots
Therapeutic use Diuretics (flower), Pruritus (flower), Skin diseases (flower), Appetite stimulants (leaf), Anti-bacterial agents (seed), Insect bites and stings (seed), Diuretic (unspecified), Itch (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Wart (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed or cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 15 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 23 - 26
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Hibiscus trionum habit picture by Katelin Thomas (cc-by-sa)
Hibiscus trionum habit picture by schmidt100 (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Hibiscus trionum leaf picture by Lola Lotus Blossom (cc-by-sa)
Hibiscus trionum leaf picture by Dennis Diels (cc-by-sa)
Hibiscus trionum leaf picture by shadow minto (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Hibiscus trionum flower picture by Mehmet Basbag (cc-by-sa)
Hibiscus trionum flower picture by Dana Snyder (cc-by-sa)
Hibiscus trionum flower picture by Miroslav Miroslav (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Hibiscus trionum fruit picture by Diinka Pasarić (cc-by-sa)
Hibiscus trionum fruit picture by Stefana Popova (cc-by-sa)
Hibiscus trionum fruit picture by rokkyPlants (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Hibiscus trionum world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Angola, Anguilla, Albania, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Burkina Faso, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Botswana, Canada, Chile, China, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Djibouti, Algeria, Egypt, Eritrea, Spain, Estonia, Ethiopia, France, Georgia, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Lesotho, Morocco, Madagascar, North Macedonia, Mali, Malta, Myanmar, Montenegro, Mongolia, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, Niger, New Zealand, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Senegal, Somalia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, eSwatini, Syrian Arab Republic, Chad, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:122028-2
WFO ID wfo-0000723167
COL ID 3LKCV
BDTFX ID 31975
INPN ID 101546
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Trionum cordifolium Trionum frutescens Laguna ternata Hibiscus physodes Hibiscus uniflorus Hibiscus dissectus Hibiscus djabinianus Hibiscus hastifolius Hibiscus pallidus Hibiscus vesicarius Trionum annuum Hibiscus africanus Hibiscus ternatus Ketmia trionum Hibiscus hispidus Trionum diffusum Abelmoschus collinsianus Hibiscus humboldtii Hibiscus humboldtii Hibiscus marchallianus Hibiscus trionum var. cordifolius Hibiscus trionum var. vesicarius Hibiscus trionum