Horsfieldia fragillima Airy Shaw

Species

Angiosperms > Magnoliales > Myristicaceae > Horsfieldia

Characteristics

Tree 10-30 m. Twigs sometimes faintly angular, 2.5-7(-15) mm diameter, early glabrescent, hairs 0.3 mm; bark coarsely striate, ± flaking; lenticels distinct, on older wood inconspicuous. Leaves sometimes (partly) in 3 rows, membranous to thinly (rarely thickly) coriaceous, oblong(-lanceolate), usually ± tapering below the middle, 20-45 by 6.5-12(-15.5) cm, base narrowly (rarely broadly) rounded to attenuate, apex acute(-acumi-nate); upper surface drying olivaceous to brown, lower surface early glabrescent, with some minute indumentum remaining at the base of the midrib; dots absent; midrib raised above, at base broad and flat; nerves 20-30 pairs, raised above, lines of interarching ± indistinct; venation lax, faint above; petiole stout, faintly pulvinate, 4-13(-20) by 3-8 mm; leaf bud 12-20 by 3-5 mm, with dense hairs 0.3 mm. Inflorescences behind the leaves, with sparse hairs (0.1-)0.2-0.4 mm long; in male: large, very many-flowered, in clusters of 2-6, 4 or 5 times branched, 15-30 by 10-20 cm, peduncle 2.5-6 cm long; in female (from infructescences): 6-13 cm long, stout, rather few-flowered; bracts up to 12 by 5 mm, tomentulose, caducous; flowers glabrous, perianth 3-(or 4-)lobed; pedicel glabrous, not articulated. Male flowers: pedicel 1-1.5 (-2) mm long; buds (somewhat depressed) globose, 1.4-2 by 2-2.5 mm, cleft c. 1/2, lobes 0.2(-0.3) mm thick; androecium depressed-globose, synandrium almost saucer-shaped, deeply and broadly depressed in the centre, 0.5-1 by 1-1.5 mm (Plate 3: 77); thecae 14-18, almost completely sessile, free apices up to 0.1 mm, incurved; column broadly hollowed to about halfway, androphore narrow, up to 0.1 mm long. Female flowers (from fruit): buds 4-5 by 3-4 mm. Fruits up to 8 per infructescence, on the older wood, broadly ellipsoid, possibly slightly flattened, 6-8 by 4-6 cm, glabrous, drying dark brown, wrinkled and usually with small or large warts; pericarp 10-20 mm thick; fruiting pedicel 2-4 mm long; perianth persistent.
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A tree. It grows to 30 m high. The trunk is 40 cm across. The twigs are thick. The leaves are in 2 or sometimes 3 rows. They are thinly leathery. They are oblong or sword shaped. The tip can end abruptly or taper to the tip. They base is rounded. The midrib is raised on the upper surface. There are 20-30 pairs of veins. The leaf stalk is often thick. It is 4-13 mm long. The flowering stalks are from bare twigs. The male flower cluster is large with many flowers. It can be branched 4 or 5 times. The female flower cluster is thick with few flowers. There are up to 8 fruit per fruiting stalk. They are broadly oval. They are 6-8 cm long by 4-6 cm wide.
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Growth form tree
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Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
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Mature width (meter) 0.4
Mature height (meter) 20.0 - 30.0
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Environment

A tropical plant. In Indonesia it grows in Borneo in lowland mixed forest. It is often on sandy and leached soils.
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Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The fruit are eaten. They are acid and resinous.
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UsesFruits edible, very acid and resinous.
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Edible fruits
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Cultivation

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Distribution

Horsfieldia fragillima world distribution map, present in Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, and Malaysia

Conservation status

Horsfieldia fragillima threat status: Vulnerable

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:585716-1
WFO ID wfo-0000724847
COL ID 935ZF
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Horsfieldia fragillima