Horsfieldia grandis Warb.

Species

Angiosperms > Magnoliales > Myristicaceae > Horsfieldia

Characteristics

Tree 6-25 m. Twigs (3-)4-10 mm diameter, late glabrescent, the hairs dense, harsh, 1-1.5 mm long; bark coarsely striate, sometimes slightly cracking, or flaking; lenticels often present, somewhat elongate, inconspicuous. Leaves membranous or chartaceous, ± bullate, elliptic-oblong to oblong-oblanceolate, 12-40 by 5-20 cm, base ± attenuate to subcordate, apex acute or acute-acuminate; upper surface drying olivaceous, minutely paler pustulate, with harsh, persistent sparse hairs, sometimes glabrescent but always scabrous by harsh hair bases, lower surface with persistent dense to sparse harsh-woolly hairs 1-2 mm long; dots absent; midrib somewhat raised above, harsh-pubescent; nerves (8—)10—16(—19) pairs, flatfish or usually sunken above, lines of interarching distinct; venation lax, distinct on both surfaces (especially below); petiole 6-15 by 2.5-6 mm, pubescent; leaf bud short-conical, 7-15 mm long, densely pubescent. Inflorescences with dense yellow-rusty hairs, 1.5-3 mm long; in male: many-flowered, 3 or 4 times branched, rather lax, 6-25 by 2.5-10(-15) cm, peduncle up to 1.2 cm long; in female: 1.5-5 cm long, the buds often of different age; bracts oblong to lanceolate-linear, (l-)3-12 mm long, caducous; flowers solitary or usually (in male) in loose clusters, often aggregated into compound clusters corresponding to the main ramifications of the inflorescences, glabrous; perianth 3-or 4-lobed, pedicel slender, not articulated. Male flowers: pedicel (0.5-)l-2 mm long; buds globose or depressed-globose, 1.2—1.8(—2) mm diameter, apex (broadly) rounded, base rounded, cleft c. 1/3 to nearly 1/2, lobes 0.2 mm thick; androecium depressed globose, not laterally compressed, 0.5-1 by 0.8-1.5 mm (Plate 2: 49); thecae 16-20, almost completely sessile, incurved towards the apex, column broad, hollow 0.2 mm deep; androphore narrow, 0.2-0.4 mm long. Female flowers: pedicel 0.3-0.5 mm long; buds subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 2-3.2 by 2-2.8 mm, cleft 1/4-1/3; ovary globose to broadly ellipsoid, 1.5-2 by 1.5-1.8 mm, glabrous, stigma sessile, faintly 2-lobed, 0.2 mm high. Fruits 2-10 per infructescence, ± clustered, obovoid-ellipsoid, apex rounded, 1-1.4 by 0.8-1.1 cm, glabrous; pericarp 1.5 mm thick, drying dark brown or reddish brown, without lenticels or warts; seed almost globose, 8-10 mm diameter; fruiting pedicel 1 mm long; perianth persistent.
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A small tree. It grows 19 m tall. The stem has red sap. The leaves are alternate and simple. They are hairy underneath. The flowers are 2 mm across. They are green to yellow. They occur in groups. The fruit are 13 mm long and orange. The seeds have a fleshy covering or aril around them.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 18.5 - 21.2
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

An understorey or middlestorey tree of primary or degraded forest or ridge forest; growing on clayey soil and sandstone; at elevations from sea level to 600 metres.
More
It is a tropical plant. It grows in mixed forest including swamp forest up to 300 m above sea level. It is often along rivers and can be on sandy or clay soils.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fruit are beaten then eaten.
Uses material medicinal wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
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Optimum temperature (C°) -
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Productivity -

Distribution

Horsfieldia grandis world distribution map, present in Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore

Conservation status

Horsfieldia grandis threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:585722-1
WFO ID wfo-0000724854
COL ID 6MDG2
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Myristica grandis Myristica rubiginosa Horsfieldia grandis