Horsfieldia irya (Gaertn.) Warb.

Species

Angiosperms > Magnoliales > Myristicaceae > Horsfieldia

Characteristics

Tree 10-25 (-40) m. Twigs towards apex often drying flattened, usually thinly ridged, (2-)3-10 mm diameter, glabrescent, indumentum minute to conspicuous (New Guinea and Pacific Islands), grey to rusty, dendroid hairs of mixed size, 0.1-0.5(-l) mm long; bark (coarsely) striate, ± blackish, not flaking; lenticels conspicuous. Leaves often ± curved towards the apex, membranous, elliptic-oblong to lanceolate, 10-30(-35) by 3-7(-9) cm, base rounded to attenuate, apex acute-acuminate; upper surface drying dull, greenish to blackish, almost always with irregular whitish marks of unknown origin, lower surface early glabrescent; dots absent; midrib flattish above; nerves 10-20 pairs, thin and flattish above, lines of interarching usually indistinct; venation lax, faint above, thin though distinct beneath; petiole 7-16 by 1.5—3(—4) mm; leaf bud 10(—15) by 2-3 mm, with hairs 0.1-0.5(-l) mm. Inflorescences with dense hairs 0.1-0.5(-l) mm long, persistent or glabrescent; in male: 3 or 4 times branched, many-flowered, 4-18 by 3-7 (-10) cm; in female: 2-6(-8) cm long, 2 (or 3) times branched; peduncle 0.5-4.5 cm long; bracts ± acute, 1.5-4 mm long (sometimes larger, leaf-like), caducous; flowers in male in clusters of 3-10, in female fewer; perianth 2-lobed, glabrous, at base glabrescent; pedicel pubescent or glabrescent, not articulated. Male flowers: pedicel slender, 0.1-1.5 mm; buds subglobose or ± transversely ellipsoid, somewhat laterally compressed or not, 1-1.5 by 1-1.5 mm (largest in Indochina), apical part broadly rounded, base rounded or short-tapering, cleft 1/2-2/3, lobes 0.2 mm thick; androecium ± broadly obovoid, 0.8-1.2 by 1-1.5 mm (Plate 1: 2); thecae 12-18(-20, Indochina), not closely touching, 0.5-0.8(-l) mm long, free apical part 0.2-0.3 mm, incurved, column and androphore broadly concave, more or less saucer-or cup-shaped, 0.4-0.5 by (0.5-)0.6-1 mm, tapered towards the base. Female flowers: pedicel 1-4 mm long; buds obovoid or ellipsoid, 1.5-2.3 by 1.3-2 mm, cleft 1/4-1/3; ovary broadly obovoid, glabrous, 1.2-1.5 by 1-1.3 mm, stigma minute, 0.1 mm. Fruits 2-8 per infructescence, globose, 1.5-2.2 cm diameter, glabrous, finely granular, without tubercles or lenticels, drying dark brown to blackish; pericarp 1-2 mm thick; seeds globose; fruiting pedicel 5-10 mm long; perianth not persistent.
More
A tree. It grows 10-45 m tall. The stem has red sap. The branches extend out parallel to the ground. The leaves are alternate and simple. They are narrowly oval and 25 cm long. The flowers are 2 mm across. They are yellow. They occur in groups. The fruit are 17 mm across. They are yellow to orange. They are smooth capsules. The seeds have a red fleshy layer or aril around them.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 10.0 - 40.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

An upper canopy tree in primary and (old) secondary forest; most frequently found in periodically swampy coastal or riverine areas, on alluvial (sandy, loamy, or clayey) soils, but also found more inland; from near sea level to 450 metres.
More
It is a tropical plant. It grows in primary and secondary forests. It grows up to 300 m above sea level. It is often on sites that are occasionally flooded. In Vietnam it grows up to 1,100 m above sea level.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

UsesRarely recorded that fruits are edible; fruits eaten by monkeys in Sri Lanka.
More
Young leaves are eaten fresh with other vegetables and with meat.
Uses food fuel material medicinal social use wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Gargle (unspecified), Sore(Throat) (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

The seeds contain an air chamber allowing them to float on water.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Horsfieldia irya unspecified picture

Distribution

Horsfieldia irya world distribution map, present in Brunei Darussalam, China, Micronesia (Federated States of), Indonesia, India, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Thailand, United States of America, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Horsfieldia irya threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:585726-1
WFO ID wfo-0000724861
COL ID 3MQB5
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Palala subglobosa Palala irya Palala lemanniana Myristica sphaerocarpa Myristica subglobosa Myristica javanica Myristica irya Horsfieldia congestiflora Horsfieldia labillardierei Horsfieldia subglobosa Horsfieldia acuminata Horsfieldia amklaal Horsfieldia irya Horsfieldia lemanniana Myristica labillardierei Myristica vrieseana Myristica lemanniana