Horsfieldia spicata (Roxb.) J.Sinclair

Species

Angiosperms > Magnoliales > Myristicaceae > Horsfieldia

Characteristics

Tree 2.5-20 m. Twigs 2-4 mm diameter, early glabrescent, hairs greyish, 0.1 mm or less; bark pale to whitish brown, contrasting with the blackish colour of dried petioles and inflorescences, striate, not flaking; lenticels few, coarse. Leaves membranous, (el-liptic-)oblong, 8-30 by 2.5-10 cm, base attenuate, apex acute-acuminate, often densely speckled with pale irregular pustules of unknown origin; upper surface drying dull olivaceous-brown, lower surface early glabrescent, at first with minute scale-like hairs; dots absent (very minute blackish points often present); midrib flattish above; nerves 11-17 pairs, thin and flat above, lines of interarching ± indistinct; venation lax, thin, distinct or not; petiole 10-20 by 1.5-3 mm, blackish on drying; leaf bud 10 by 1.5-2 mm, with dense grey-brown hairs 0.1 mm long or less. Inflorescences early glabrescent, blackish on drying, slender, spike-like, the lateral branches up to 2(-5) mm, peduncle 1-3 cm, not many-flowered; in male 4-10 by 1 cm; in female 2-3 cm long; bracts ± blunt, 0.5-1 mm, caducous; flowers up to 3 together in male, solitary or 2 together in female; perianth 2-lobed, early glabrescent; pedicel glabrous, not articulated. Male flowers: pedicel tapered, 1.5-3 mm long; buds ± obovoid or short pear-shaped, rather compressed, the upper part subcircular to reniform, about as long as broad or slightly broader than long, 2.3-3 by 3-3.5 mm, base ± tapering into the pedicel; buds cleft (nearly) to the base, lobes 0.2 mm thick; androecium laterally compressed, reniform, apex broadly rounded, base broadly attached, 1.5-1.8 by 2.5 mm, androphore ± absent (Plate 1: 3); thecae (24-)32-44, closely set, free apices 0.1-0.4 mm, at one side weakly to strongly incurved into the apical cavity to l/4-l/2(-3/4, see note 2) of the column. Female flowers: buds subglobose, 2-2.5 by 2.2-2.8 mm, at base passing into the tapered pedicel 1.5-2.5 mm, cleft 1/2-2/3; ovary broadly ovoid, glabrous, 1.5 by 1.5 mm, stigma minute, faintly 2-lobed, 0.1 mm high. Fruits 1-5 per infructescence, short-ellipsoid, 1.5-2(-2.5) by 1.2-1.8 cm, glabrous, drying blackish, without pustules; pericarp 1.5 mm thick; fruiting pedicel 4-10 mm long; perianth not persistent.
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A small tree with spreading horizontal branches. The leaves come one after another in two rows along the branch. The leaves are longer than wide with a pointed tip and rounded base. They can be 30 cm long by 8 cm wide. Both sides of the leaves are smooth but the top surface is green and shiny while the lower surface is whitish-green and dull flat colour. About 12-20 pairs of side veins join near the leaf edge. The leaf stalk is short (1 cm) with a furrow along the top. The flower cluster occurs on strong twigs on a branched stalk. The tree produces flowers of one sex with male and female flowers on different trees. The flowers are small and yellow. The fruit is pear shaped and 3 cm long by 2 cm across. The fruit is greenish yellow but turns red.
Life form -
Growth form tree
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Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
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Mature height (meter) 2.5 - 20.0
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Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in the lowlands of Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. It grows up to 1,000 m above sea level.
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Usage

UsesAccording to de Vogel 3206, the outer bark, mixed with 'Kuleman' (a different species of Horsfieldia), is used for curing hepatitis.
Uses animal food medicinal social use
Edible fruits
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Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds.
Mode seedlings
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Conservation status

Horsfieldia spicata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:585782-1
WFO ID wfo-0000724951
COL ID 3MQDM
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Palala canariformis Myristica batjanica Myristica canariformis Myristica roxburghii Horsfieldia batjanica Horsfieldia canariformis Horsfieldia spicata Myristica spicata Palala spicata Horsfieldia roxburghii