Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser.

Penny mac (en), Hortensia (fr), Hortensia à grosses feuilles (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Cornales > Hydrangeaceae > Hydrangea

Characteristics

Deciduous, densely-branched, rounded shrub to 1.5-(3) m high; twigs glabrous and flexible, becoming mottled and brittle. Lvs towards ends of branches on younger wood; petiole short; lamina elliptic to ovate or obovate, (5)-10-20 × (3)-5-15 cm, acuminate, cuneate, coarsely serrate; both surfaces glabrous and greasy, the upper lustrous, the lower dull with a conspicuous network of veins. Corymb broad, flat-topped or convex, much-branched, hairy, up to 20 cm diam., usually largely composed of sterile fls, sometimes with an outer ring of sterile fls and central fls fertile. Sepals of sterile fls petaloid, spreading, broad-elliptic to obovate, 1-2 cm long, pink, blue, white, or greenish. Corolla c. 3 mm diam.; petals minute and incurved, pink or blue. Stamens 10. Ovary enclosed in calyx tube at anthesis, later projecting. Capsule c. 5 mm long.
More
A shrub which loses its leaves. It grows 1.2-1.8 m tall and spreading 1.2-2.5 m wide. The flowers are in large rounded heads. There are now a large number of garden varieties.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.5 - 2.5
Mature height (meter) 1.5 - 2.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.3
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a temperate and subtropical plant. It is frost hardy. It suits hardiness zones 5-11.
More
Sunny places near the coast of E. Japan.
Light 3-7
Soil humidity 2-5
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-10

Usage

The dried rhizomes and roots have been used as a food and a medicine. The leaves when dried and rubbed between the hands become sweet and are used to make a tea. The leaves contain phyllodulcin which may be used as a sugar substitute. Caution: The plant usually contains cyanide making it poisonous unless well cooked.
Uses environmental use medicinal poison tea
Edible leaves rhizomes roots shoots
Therapeutic use Antifungal agents (flower), Wound healing (flower), Malaria (leaf), Malaria (root), Cough (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Febrifuge (unspecified), Hair loss (unspecified), Anti-bacterial agents (unspecified), Halitosis (unspecified), Periodontal diseases (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds or cuttings.
Mode cuttings graftings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -23
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Hydrangea macrophylla habit picture by David Hocken (cc-by-sa)
Hydrangea macrophylla habit picture by Szabolcs Frater (cc-by-sa)
Hydrangea macrophylla habit picture by David Hocken (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Hydrangea macrophylla leaf picture by Gilles de Ferluc (cc-by-sa)
Hydrangea macrophylla leaf picture by juan ramom martinez (cc-by-sa)
Hydrangea macrophylla leaf picture by edgar donne (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Hydrangea macrophylla flower picture by Kim Elmy (cc-by-sa)
Hydrangea macrophylla flower picture by Simon James (cc-by-sa)
Hydrangea macrophylla flower picture by indi e iñigo =) (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Hydrangea macrophylla fruit picture by Oli Haill (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Hydrangea macrophylla world distribution map, present in Austria, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Bhutan, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Spain, Guatemala, Honduras, Croatia, Haiti, India, Italy, Japan, Morocco, Mexico, Myanmar, Mauritius, Nicaragua, Niue, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Réunion, Slovakia, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:791637-1
WFO ID wfo-0000726228
COL ID 3N4D6
BDTFX ID 35057
INPN ID 103108
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Hydrangea japonica f. hortensia Hortensia macrophylla f. isonotaki Viburnum macrophyllum Hydrangea macrocephala Hydrangea mandshurica Hydrangea sieboldii Hydrangea sinensis Hortensia japonica Hortensia opuloides Hortensia rosea Hortensia speciosa Hydrangea azisai Hydrangea hortensia Hydrangea mutabilis Hydrangea nigra Hydrangea opuloides Hydrangea macrophylla f. hortensia Hydrangea macrophylla f. normalis Hydrangea maritima Hydrangea otaksa Hydrangea hortensis Hydrangea florida Hortensia macrophylla Primula mutabilis Hortensia mutabilis Hortensia nigra Hydrangea macrophylla f. isobue Hortensia macrophylla f. isobue Hortensia macrophylla f. normalis Hydrangea macrophylla var. normalis Hydrangea macrophylla var. macrophylla Hydrangea macrophylla var. hattoriana Hydrangea macrophylla

Lower taxons

Hydrangea macrophylla subsp. serrata Hydrangea macrophylla var. otaksa