Hydrocotyle bonariensis Comm. ex Lam.

Largeleaf pennywort (en), Hydrocotyle de Buenos Aires (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Apiales > Araliaceae > Hydrocotyle

Characteristics

Glabrous creeping herbs with slender stems, rooting at the nodes. Leaves peltate (very rarely with a deep narrow sinus extending to the petiole), on long petioles which may exceed 30 cm; lamina up to 12 cm in diameter, circular to broadly elliptic, with 12-20 veins radiating from the petiole; margin often shallowly lobed, the lobes with small secondary crenulations. Inflorescence a proliferous umbel on a long slender peduncle which exceeds the subtending petiole. Umbel rays 5-7. When fully expanded, each ray forming a verticillate raceme, with the fruit in interrupted whorls. Bracteoles lanceolate-acute, in whorls under each whorl of flowers. Pedicels slender, 1-20 mm long; petals white to cream. Fruit ellipsoid, flattened laterally, base cordate, stylopodium depressed to obsolete, styles c. 1 mm long; commissure not strongly constricted, dorsal and lateral ribs well developed and quite acute in section; pericarp reddish-brown and slightly wrinkled when mature.
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A fleshy herb which keeps growing from year to year. The stem is creeping and underground and roots at the nodes. The leaf stalk is attached to the lower surface of the leaf, not the edge of the leaf. The leaf stalk is 2-35 cm long. The leaf blade is broad and 2-10 cm wide. It can have 12-20 shallow lobes or wavy edges. These have shallow scallops. There are many flowers in many umbels in a compound flower arrangement. The petals are whitish to yellow. The fruit are 1-2 mm long and 2-4 mm broad. They are heart shaped at the base.
Prostate, glabrous annual or perennial herb (hydrophyte), 0.1-0.3 m high; profusely rooting at nodes and matted. Leaves simple, blade lobed. Stipules on cauline leaves. Peduncles longer than subtending petioles. Flowers bisexual, in whorls along rays of umbels; pedicels 1-20 mm long. Petals white to cream-coloured. Fruit laterally compressed, lenticular.
Leaves peltate (very rarely with a deep narrow sinus extending to the petiole), on long petioles which may exceed 30 cm.; lamina up to 12 cm. in diameter, circular to broadly elliptic, with 12–20 veins radiating from the petiole; margin often shallowly lobed, the lobes with small secondary crenulations.
Fruit ellipsoid, flattened laterally, base cordate, stylopodium depressed to obsolete, styles c. 1 mm. long; commissure not strongly constricted, dorsal and lateral ribs well developed and quite acute in section; pericarp reddish-brown and slightly wrinkled when mature.
Stems slender; leaves 1-12 cm. in diameter, shallowly 12-19-lobed, the lobes crenate, glabrous, the petiole 2-38 cm. long, glabrous; peduncles glabrous, longer than the leaves; rays glabrous, 2-20 mm. long; fruit ellipsoid, 1-2 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, the ribs acute.
Inflorescence a proliferous umbel on a long slender peduncle which exceeds the subtending petiole. Umbel rays 5–7. When fully expanded, each ray forming a verticillate raceme, with the fruit in interrupted whorls.
Bracteoles lanceolate-acute, in whorls under each whorl of flowers. Pedicels slender, 1–20 mm. long; petals white to cream.
Glabrous creeping herbs with slender stems, rooting at the nodes.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.07 - 0.23
Root system creeping-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It grows in warm temperate areas. It grows in brackish and sandy coastal areas. It can grow in or on water while attached to the banks.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 5-9
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses environmental use material medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Toothache (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Hydrocotyle bonariensis leaf picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Hydrocotyle bonariensis leaf picture by Elsa Elsa Sousa (cc-by-sa)
Hydrocotyle bonariensis leaf picture by cabana carlos manuel (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Hydrocotyle bonariensis flower picture by cabana carlos manuel (cc-by-sa)
Hydrocotyle bonariensis flower picture by Gonçalves da Cunha Lucas (cc-by-sa)
Hydrocotyle bonariensis flower picture by F M (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Hydrocotyle bonariensis world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Benin, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Congo, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Spain, France, Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala, Honduras, Italy, Liberia, Mozambique, Mauritius, Norfolk Island, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Paraguay, Réunion, Senegal, Togo, Uruguay, United States of America, and South Africa

Conservation status

Hydrocotyle bonariensis threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:125117-2
WFO ID wfo-0000726345
COL ID 3N6G9
BDTFX ID 35082
INPN ID 103129
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Hydrocotyle pelviformis Hydrocotyle multiflora Hydrocotyle petiolaris Hydrocotyle yucatanensis Hydrocotyle umbellata var. bonariensis Hydrocotyle verticillata var. bonariensis Hydrocotyle bonariensis var. multiflora Hydrocotyle polystachya var. quinqueradiata Hydrocotyle bonariensis var. texana Hydrocotyle bonariensis var. multiflora Hydrocotyle bonariensis

Lower taxons

Hydrocotyle bonariensis var. tribotrys