Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.

Lawn marshpennywort (en), Hydrocotyle (fr), Hydrocotyle fausse sibthorpie (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Apiales > Araliaceae > Hydrocotyle

Characteristics

Slender creeping perennial rooting at the nodes with clusters of delicate rootlets, internodes ± 0.7–5 cm.; stem slender, terete or striate, greenish or brownish.. Leaves not peltate, the lamina reniform or almost round, ± 4–20 mm. in diameter, (5–)7-lobed to ± halfway, glabrous on both surfaces or the lower surface ± pilose with long hairs, lobes bluntly to subacutely dentate, basal sinus narrow; petiole slender, 0.5–3 cm., glabrous or more commonly with long flexuose hairs in the upper half; stipules broadly ovate to oblong, brownish membranous and frequently with purplish streaks, ± 1–1.25 mm., often denticulate-lacerate.. Inflorescence an umbel of 2–7(–10) flowers (rarely as many as 7 fruit) up to 3 mm. across; peduncle short, glabrous or more rarely pilose, ± 2–16 mm. in fruit but sometimes ± obsolete and the fruit in an axillary cluster on the stem; involucre of 3–5, blunt, broadly ovate or oblong, very small, brownish-membranous, frequently denticulate bracts; pedicels very short; bracteoles oblong, obovate or absent in fewer-flowered forms.. Petals greenish, sometimes tinged with purple, elliptic to broadly obovate, ± 0.6–0.9 mm.. Fruit laterally compressed, the mericarps quite plump when ripe, narrowed to the commissure, yellowish green, ± 1.1–1.8 × 0.9–1.2 mm., the ribs filiform, very narrow but clearly prominent; stylopodia very flat, ± obsolete; styles spreading, slender, ± 0.4–0.75 mm.. Fig. 1/1–3, p.11.
More
Delicate slender creeping herb, rooting at the nodes. Stem filiform, whitish to brownish. Leaves on slender petioles of 3-40 mm long, glabrous or with scattered flexuous hairs near the tip, solitary or 2-3 together. Lamina reniform with a narrow basal sinus, crenately divided into 5-7 lobes, the margins of which have rounded triangular teeth. Superior leaf surface glabrous, the inferior usually with scattered crisped hairs particularly noticeable on young leaves. Inflorescence a simple subcapitate umbel, much shorter than the subtending leaf. Peduncle slender, 2-9 mm long. Umbel 3-8(10)-flowered, involucre of inconspicuous narrow lanceolate scarious bracts; rays minute to obsolete. Fruit 1.5 x 1.0 mm, greenish to yellowish-brown, broadly ellipsoid, laterally compressed; base broadly and shallowly cordate; apex deeply emarginate; stylopodium depressed to obsolete, styles short, stiff and divergent; ribs well developed.
Stems long-creeping or with ascendent extremities, sometimes almost caespitose, terete, thin or almost filiformous, glabrous or sparsely hairy. Stipules ½-1 by nearly 1½ mm, ovate to obovate, acute, entire or fringed. Petioles ½-6 cm, or even shorter in the uppermost leaves, more or less hairy; lamina ⅓-2½ cm through, roundish to 5-angular in outline, deeply cordate, 3-5-lobate to 3-5-partite; segments crenate to serrate, more or less pilose to hirsute. Inflorescences single along the creeping stems; peduncles 0-3 cm, filiformous, glabious or short hairy; involucres 4-10 around and between the flowers, nearly 1 by ½ mm, ovate, lanceolate, acute, base with 2 acute teeth, sometimes filiformous, lower ones reflexed in fruit. Pedicels 10-15; petals greenish white, nearly ¾ by ½ mm, ovate, acute. Mericarps 1-¼ by ¾ mm, yellow to brown, glabrous or with short stiff hairs, sometimes red-punctulate.
A small herb. It is slender and keeps growing from year to year. The stems are creeping and pressed close to the ground. Short aerial stems arise from the nodes. It grows 10 cm high and 30 cm across. The leaves are rounded to kidney-shaped and 3-6 mm across. They have shallow lobes. They leaves are smooth and without hairs. They are often shiny. The flowers are white or pale mauve and very small. They are in clusters of 3-7 and close to the stem.
Stems filiform, creeping; lvs subrotund, 1 cm wide or less, shallowly 7-lobed, on petioles 1–2 cm; peduncles surpassing the lvs; fls 3–10 per umbel; fr sessile, 1–1.5 mm wide, the ribs low and obscure; 2n=24. Native of trop. Asia, established in lawns from N.J. and Pa. to S.C., w. to Ind. and Ky. Apr.–Sept. (H. rotundifolia Roxb., not Wall.)
Perennial herb, hydrophyte, 0.1-0.3 m high. Leaves simple, blade kidney-shaped to almost circular, palmately cleft halfway down to base into 5-7 lobes, glabrous and shining above, scattered hairs beneath. Peduncles shorter than subtending petioles. Flowers in simple umbels. Flowering time mostly Nov-Jan.
Fruit 1·5 × 1·0 mm., greenish to yellowish-brown, broadly ellipsoid, laterally compressed; base broadly and shallowly cordate; apex deeply emarginate; stylopodium depressed to obsolete, styles short, stiff and divergent; ribs well developed.
Inflorescence a simple subcapitate umbel, much shorter than the subtending leaf. Peduncle slender, 2–9 mm. long. Umbel 3–8(10)-flowered, involucre of inconspicuous narrow lanceolate scarious bracts; rays minute to obsolete.
Lamina reniform with a narrow basal sinus, crenately divided into 5–7 lobes the margins of which have rounded triangular teeth.
Leaves on slender petioles of 3–40 mm. long, glabrous or with scattered flexuous hairs near the tip, solitary or 2–3 together.
Superior leaf surface glabrous, the inferior usually with scattered crisped hairs particularly noticeable on young leaves.
Delicate slender creeping herb, rooting at the nodes.
A small creeping herb, nearly glabrous
Stem filiform, whitish to brownish.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.2 - 0.4
Mature height (meter) 0.1
Root system creeping-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A warm temperate and tropical plant. It requires a permanently moist position in sunlight or light shade. It grows in wetlands, damp gullies and forest. Tasmania Herbarium. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
More
Shady places in lowland areas of C. and S. Japan. Stream banks or forests in wet grassy places at elevations of 400-3000 metres in China.
Shady places in lowland areas of C. and S. Japan. Stream banks or forests in wet grassy places at elevations of 400-3000 metres in China.
Sunny or slightly shaded, damp, fertile localities, along streambanks, between stones of pathways and alongside walls, from 1-4050 m.
In moist upland grassland
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 5-9
Soil texture 2-8
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-9

Usage

The whole plant is eaten raw or cooked. It can be steamed as a potherb or cooked with chillies and other spices. They are often eaten with small fish and used for curry. The leaves are made into chutney. The harvested leaves can be stored for 4-5 days.
More
Uses. Raw or steamed eaten with rice; medicinal against skin diseases.
Uses environmental use food medicinal potherb spice
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Diarrhea (aerial part), Dysentery (aerial part), Diarrhea (leaf), Skin diseases (leaf), Carbuncle (leaf), Colic (leaf), Cough (leaf), Diarrhea, infantile (leaf), Dysmenorrhea (leaf), Fever (leaf), Furunculosis (leaf), Jaundice (leaf), Memory disorders (leaf), General tonic for rejuvenation (leaf), Stomach diseases (leaf), Syphilis (leaf), Jaundice (plant exudate), Liver diseases (root), Abscess (unspecified), Boil (unspecified), Cirrhosis (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Detoxicant (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Liver (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Sore(Throat) (unspecified), Thirst (unspecified), Flu (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified), Dermatosis (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Hepatitis (unspecified), Hepatoma (unspecified), Lung (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Scrotosis (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Syphilis (unspecified), Abortifacient agents (unspecified), Anthelmintics (unspecified), Antirheumatic agents (unspecified), Appetite stimulants (unspecified), Cholera (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Digestive system diseases (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Dysentery, amebic (unspecified), Hematologic diseases (unspecified), Leprosy (unspecified), Liver diseases (unspecified), Lung diseases (unspecified), Memory disorders (unspecified), Nervous system diseases (unspecified), Oliguria (unspecified), Paratyphoid fever (unspecified), Pneumonia (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Stomach diseases (unspecified), Typhoid fever (unspecified), Diarrhea (whole plant), Dysentery (whole plant), Emetics (whole plant), Exanthema (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by seed or division of the root runners. They can also be grown from cuttings of the stem.
Mode cuttings divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides leaf picture by nicolas bellune (cc-by-sa)
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides leaf picture by Iain Douglas-Hamilton (cc-by-sa)
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides leaf picture by Iain Douglas-Hamilton (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides world distribution map, present in Angola, Åland Islands, Australia, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Guyana, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Moldova (Republic of), Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Palau, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Réunion, Rwanda, Sudan, Togo, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Viet Nam, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:843698-1
WFO ID wfo-0000726583
COL ID 3N6R9
BDTFX ID 35093
INPN ID 103140
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Hydrocotyle peduncularis Hydrocotyle perexigua Hydrocotyle zollingeri Chondrocarpus sibthorpioides Hydrocotyle ecostata Hydrocotyle gracilenta Hydrocotyle latisecta Hydrocotyle minima Hydrocotyle puncticulata Hydrocotyle splendens Hydrocotyle monticola Hydrocotyle keelungensis Hydrocotyle tenella Hydrocotyle nitidula Hydrocotyle confusa Hydrocotyle formosana Hydrocotyle rotundifolia Hydrocotyle peduncularis var. gracilenta Hydrocotyle americana var. monticola Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides var. sibthorpioides Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides

Lower taxons

Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides var. pauciflora Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides var. tuberifera