Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb.

Whorled marshpennywort (en), Hydrocotyle (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Apiales > Araliaceae > Hydrocotyle

Characteristics

Glabrous creeping herb, rooting freely with white, slender rootlets from the nodes; stem slender, terete, pale greenish or brownish.. Leaves peltate, the lamina mostly l–5(–6)cm. in diameter, with 9–12 shallow, entire or shallowly and narrowly notched or subcrenulate lobes terminating the radiating nerves; petiole slender, 3–16 cm.. Inflorescence an interrupted spike of 1–5 umbels, the lowest 2 umbels being 5–12 mm. apart in fruit; peduncle 3.5–8 cm. Umbels (2–)3–5(–7)-flowered, all initially approximate but separating as fruit begins to form; involucre of 3–5 purplish, membranous, oblong-ovate minute bracts.. Petals purplish green, narrowly triangular, blunt, ± 0.75 mm.. Fruit strongly laterally compressed, broader than long, purplish brown when ripe, 2.75–3.5 mm. wide, the ribs sharply defined with very narrow greenish margins, shortly (± 0.75–1 mm.) pedicellate or sessile, truncate or very shortly and abruptly cuneate at the base, apex broadly and shallowly emarginate; stylopodia ± obsolete; styles spreading, slender, ± 0.5 mm.. Fig. 1/4, 5.
More
Stems filiform, creeping; lvs orbicular, peltate, to 6 cm, commonly with 8–14 shallow lobes; infl (except in depauperate plants) a simple or once to thrice forked spike to 15 cm or even more, bearing 2–several whorls of fls, these rarely more than 7 per whorl; fr 3–4 mm wide, truncate to rounded at base, the margins acute. Mass. to Fla. and Tex., chiefly near the coast; w. U.S. and trop. Amer. June–Aug. Typical H. verticillata has the fls and frs sessile or subsessile. Plants with distinctly pedicellate fls and frs, the pedicels to 1 cm, occur over the same range and have been called var. triradiata (A. Rich.) Fernald. (H. canbyi; H. australis)
Fruit 2 × 4 mm., reddish-brown, laterally flattened, broadly ellipsoid, base cuneate, pedicel 1 mm. to obsolete; apex broadly and shallowly emarginate, stylopodium depressed to almost obsolete, styles short and spreading. Fruit ribs well developed, commissure scarcely depressed.
Inflorescence an interrupted verticillate spike, approximately equal in length to the subtending leaf (axis occasionally branched to produce 2 or more parallel spikes).
Flowers small, inconspicuous, 2–7 in each verticil, initially closely packed together, the axis only expanding to separate the verticils as the fruit begins to mature.
Creeping perennial rooting at nodes, stems to 30 cm. Leaves peltate, margins crenate. Flowers whorled in interrupted spikes, white. Fruits depressed-globose.
Lamina up to 45 (60) mm. in diameter, circular to broadly elliptic, with 8–13 main veins radiating from the petiole; margin shallowly crenately lobed.
Creeping herb, glabrous. Leaves shallowly crenately lobed, peltate. Inflorescence an interrupted spike. Flowers white to greenish yellow.
Glabrous creeping herb, rooting freely at the nodes; stems delicate, terete, brownish-white.
Leaves peltate, on long petioles up to 15 cm.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.05 - 0.25
Root system creeping-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light 4-9
Soil humidity 5-9
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-11

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Debility (unspecified), Genital (unspecified), Lung (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Hydrocotyle verticillata leaf picture by Georges LÉGER (cc-by-sa)
Hydrocotyle verticillata leaf picture by ribeiro robert (cc-by-sa)
Hydrocotyle verticillata leaf picture by araujo david (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Hydrocotyle verticillata flower picture by Juan Carlos Ordonez (cc-by-sa)
Hydrocotyle verticillata flower picture by Juan Carlos Ordonez (cc-by-sa)
Hydrocotyle verticillata flower picture by Flor Alex (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Hydrocotyle verticillata world distribution map, present in Angola, Åland Islands, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Botswana, Canada, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Spain, Georgia, Guatemala, Haiti, Jamaica, Mozambique, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Peru, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Somalia, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Uruguay, United States of America, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Hydrocotyle verticillata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:843759-1
WFO ID wfo-0000726628
COL ID 3N6SV
BDTFX ID 102049
INPN ID 629872
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Hydrocotyle trilobulata Centella homalocarpa Centella verticillata Hydrocotyle communis Hydrocotyle fetherstoniana Hydrocotyle interrupta Hydrocotyle volkmanni Hydrocotyle superposita Hydrocotyle racemosa Hydrocotyle cuneata Hydrocotyle featherstoniana Hydrocotyle verticillata var. racemosa Hydrocotyle verticillata var. featherstoniana Hydrocotyle vulgaris var. verticillata Hydrocotyle verticillata var. verticillata Hydrocotyle verticillata var. pluriradiata Hydrocotyle interrupta var. tuberosa Hydrocotyle umbellata var. ambigua Hydrocotyle verticillata var. tenella Hydrocotyle verticillata var. cuneata Hydrocotyle verticillata var. fetherstoniana Hydrocotyle verticillata var. longipedunculata Hydrocotyle verticillata

Lower taxons

Hydrocotyle verticillata var. cubensis