Hyptis capitata Jacq.

False ironwort (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Lamiaceae > Hyptis

Characteristics

Herbs, perennial, sparsely pubescent, to 2 m. Leaves ovate to ? rhomboid, acute, irregularly serrate, the bases obtuse to ? attenuate, to 12 cm long and 6 cm wide, glabrous to sparsely pubescent; subsessile to petioles ca 2-3 cm long. Inflorescences capitula, densely-flowered, axillary, 2-3 cm in diam, the peduncles ca 2-7 cm long; the bracts ovate-lanceolate, ca 5-7 mm long, sparsely pubescent, frequently reflexed and hidden at maturity. Flowers sessile; calyx tubular, ca 6-8 mm long at maturity, membranaceous, pilose-annulate within above the nutlets, sometimes only sparsely so, teeth spinulose, ca 1.5-2 mm long; corolla tube ca 3-3.5 mm long, white, the lower lip larger, ca 1 mm long, pubescent; stamens exserted, the filaments ? glabrous, the anthers ca 0.2 mm long. Nutlets (3-)4, ovoid, the lobes of the gynobase adhering, ca 1-1.2 mm long, pale to dark brown, the pericarp ? smooth.
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Stout, erect annual herb, 0.5-2.5 m, not aromatic. Stem and branches (often very short) densely or sparsely pubescent on the angles. Leaves lanceolate or rhomboid-elliptic, 6-10(-14) by 1.5-4(-6) cm, acute or acuminate, base cuneate and decurrent; margin crenate-serrate or serrate, sparsely pubescent on the nerves of lower surfaces; petiole 2-3 cm. Flowers oo in crowded verticillasters forming axillary, solitary globular heads, 0.8-1 cm Ø (1.5-2 cm Ø in fruit); peduncle 3-5(-8) cm, basal involucral bracts linear-lanceolate, hairy, 3-6 mm long. Calyx 3-4 mm long, in fruit 6-8 mm; teeth subulate, erect, as long as or shorter than the tube. Corolla white, violet-dotted, 5-6 mm long. Anthers purple. Nutlets ovoid, compressed 1.2-2 mm long, round-truncate above, subtriquetrous below, sparingly puberulent, brown, pericarp not swelling when soaked in water.
A herb or shrub. It grows 1-2 m tall. The leaf bearing twigs are 4 angled. The leaves and twigs have a strong odour when crushed. The leaves are 6-14 cm long by 2-6 cm wide. The leaves are hairy and these are more obvious on the upper surface. The flowers are in dense round heads.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.0 - 2.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Open, sunny to slightly shaded waste places, along water courses, on fallow paddies, also in teak-forest, in East Java under seasonal conditions and sometimes gregarious, from sea-level to c. 1300 m. Fl. Jan.-Dec.
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A pantropical weed in settled areas, open waste places, fallow rice paddies. Usually found on degraded farmland and along roads and clearings in lowland rain forest at elevations up to 750 metres.
It is a tropical plant. It grows from sea level to 750 m above sea level.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses. In the Philippines a decoction of the leaves is used for cleansing wounds and against amenor-rhoea (Quis. l.c. 817).
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The leaves are boiled and mixed with sugar as a drink.
Uses medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Antineoplastic agents (aerial part), Fever (leaf), Ache(Stomach) (unspecified), Amenorrhea (unspecified), Carminative (unspecified), Constipation (unspecified), Cyanogenetic (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Empacho (unspecified), Excitant (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Tea (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Chest (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Sudorific (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Antifungal agents (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (unspecified), Antipyretics (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Common cold (unspecified), Mycoses (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Hyptis capitata leaf picture by RICARDO CAMPUZANO SIERRA (cc-by-sa)
Hyptis capitata leaf picture by Gonzalez Manuel (cc-by-sa)
Hyptis capitata leaf picture by xaranar (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Hyptis capitata flower picture by Gonzalez Manuel (cc-by-sa)
Hyptis capitata flower picture by zuñiga Eduardo (cc-by-sa)
Hyptis capitata flower picture by zuñiga Eduardo (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Hyptis capitata world distribution map, present in Andorra, Australia, Bangladesh, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, China, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Micronesia (Federated States of), Guatemala, Guam, Honduras, Haiti, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Solomon Islands, Thailand, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:447996-1
WFO ID wfo-0000216535
COL ID 3P4XW
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447264
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Hyptis decurrens Hyptis pittieri Mesosphaerum capitatum Pycnanthemum decurrens Hyptis celebica Hyptis macrochila Hyptis mariannarum Mesosphaerum pittieri Mesosphaerum rhombodeum Clinopodium capitatum Hyptis rhomboidea Hyptis capitata var. mariannarum Hyptis capitata var. mexicana Hyptis capitata var. pilosa Hyptis capitata var. vulgaris Hyptis capitata