Ilex triflora Blume

Species

Angiosperms > Aquifoliales > Aquifoliaceae > Ilex

Characteristics

Shrubs or trees, evergreen, 2-10 m tall. Branchlets zigzag, subquadrangular, ridged, rarely subterete, densely pubescent; leaf scars subcircular, slightly raised; lenticels absent; terminal buds poorly or not developed. Petiole 3-5 mm, densely pubescent, narrowly winged by decurrent leaf base; leaf blade brown or olivaceous when dry, elliptic, oblong, ovate-elliptic, obovate, or oblong-elliptic, 2.5-10 × 1.5-4 cm, subleathery, abaxially sparsely puberulent, punctate, adaxially puberulent or glabrescent, midvein impressed adaxially, densely pubescent on both surfaces, lateral veins 7-10 pairs, slightly distinct or indistinct on both surfaces, reticulate veins obscure, base rounded or obtuse, margin ± undulate, serrate, apex acute to acuminate, acumen 3-4 mm, or apex rounded. Inflorescences: cymes, fasciculate, axillary on current, second, or third year’s branchlets, pubescent; flowers white, 4-merous. Male inflorescences: cymes of order 1 or 2, 1-3-flowered; peduncles ca. 2 mm; pedicels 2-3 mm; bracteoles 2, basal; calyx patelliform, ca. 3 mm in diam., puberulent, deeply 4-lobed, lobes suborbicular, ciliate; corolla ca. 5 mm in diam., petals broadly ovate, basally slightly connate; stamens shorter than petals, anthers yellow, ellipsoidal; rudimentary ovary pyramidal, rostellate, apex cleft. Female inflorescences: 1-flowered cymes; peduncles nearly absent; pedicels 4-14(-18) mm, robust, puberulent; bracteoles 2, median or submedian, ovate; calyx as in male flowers; petals broadly ovate or suborbicular, basally slightly connate; staminodes ca. 1/2 as long as petals, sterile anthers cordate-sagittate; ovary ovoid, ca. 1.5 mm in diam., stigma thickly discoid, shallowly 4-lobed. Fruit black, globose, 4-7 mm in diam.; fruiting pedicel 4-18 mm, puberulent or glabrescent; persistent calyx explanate, ca. 4 mm in diam., sparsely ciliate; persistent stigma thickly discoid; pyrenes 4, ovoid-ellipsoidal, ca. 6 mm, ca. 4 mm in diam., abaxially smooth, 3-striate, not sulcate, endocarp leathery. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Aug-Nov.
Life form -
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
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Mature height (meter) 2.0 - 10.0
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JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
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JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

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Hardiness (USDA) 7-12

Usage

Uses material medicinal
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Cultivation

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Images

Ilex triflora unspecified picture

Distribution

Ilex triflora world distribution map, present in Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, India, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Malaysia, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Ilex triflora threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:83816-1
WFO ID wfo-0000729897
COL ID 6N6XJ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Ilex triflora Ilex griffithii Ilex theicarpa Ilex fleuryana Ilex leptophylla Ilex horsfieldii Ilex lobbiana Ilex szechwanensis f. villosa Ilex triflora var. triflora Ilex triflora var. horsfieldii Ilex triflora var. lobbiana Ilex triflora var. kurziana Ilex viridis var. brevipedicellata

Lower taxons

Ilex triflora var. kanehirai