Impatiens balsamina L.

Spotted snapweed (en), Balsamine de Linné (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Balsaminaceae > Impatiens

Characteristics

Plants annual, 60-100 cm tall. Stem erect, robust, base ca. 8 mm in diam., succulent, simple or branched, glabrous or laxly pubescent when young, with many fibrous roots, lower nodes swollen. Leaves alternate, sometimes lowest ones opposite; petiole 1-3 cm, adaxially shallowly sulcate, both sides with few pairs of stipitate glands; leaf blade lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, or oblanceolate, 4-12 × 1.5-3 cm, with a pair of sessile black glands toward base, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent, lateral veins 4-7 pairs, base cuneate, margin deeply serrate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences 1-flowered, or 2 or 3 flowers fascicled in leaf axils, without peduncles. Pedicels 2-2.5 cm, densely pubescent, bracteate at base; bracts linear. Flowers white, pink, or purple, simple or double petalous. Lateral sepals 2, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 mm. Lower sepal deeply navicular, 13-19 × 4-8 mm, pubescent, abruptly narrowed into an incurved spur; spur 1-2.5 cm, slender. Upper petal orbicular, apex retuse, mucronulate, abaxial midvein narrowly carinate; lateral united petals shortly clawed, 2.3-2.5 cm, 2-lobed; basal lobes obovate-oblong, small; distal lobes suborbicular, apically retuse; auricule narrow. Stamens 5; filaments linear; anthers ovoid, apex obtuse. Ovary fusiform, densely pubescent. Capsule broadly fusiform, 1-2 cm, densely tomentose, narrowed at both ends. Seeds many, black-brown, globose, 1.5-3 mm in diam., tuberculate. Fl. Jul-Oct. 2n = 14*.
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Annual herb to 60 cm. tall, often less; stem ± erect, simple or sparsely branched, glabrous or pubescent when young.. Leaves spirally arranged, the lowermost occasionally opposite; petiole 2–13 mm. long; lamina narrowly lanceolate to narrow-elliptic or oblanceolate, 2.7–9 cm. long, 1.1–2.6 cm. broad, the base cuneate, the apex acute, glabrous or finely pubescent above and/or beneath; lateral veins 4–7 pairs; margin serrate-dentate with several dark ± sessile glands towards the base of the lamina.. Flowers epedunculate, solitary or in fascicles of 2–3, white or pink.. Bracts linear-lanceolate, ± 2 mm. long, inconspicuous.. Pedicels 1–1.6 cm. long, slender, glabrous or pubescent, spreading in flower but becoming pendent in fruit.. Lateral sepals 2, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 2–3 mm. long.. Lower sepal deeply navicular, 1.3–1.9 cm. long, 0.4–0.8 cm. deep, abruptly constricted into a 1.3–2.4 cm. long filiform spur, incurved in the distal half, glabrous or finely pubescent throughout or or in part.. Dorsal petal 1–1.4 cm. long, 0.7–1.1 cm. broad, cucullate, apically produced into a 2–4 mm. long pointed appendage.. Lateral united petals 2.3–3.5 cm. long; upper petal of each pair about one-third the size of the lower, oblong, 9–10 mm. long, 7–9 mm. broad; lower petal of each pair suborbicular, 18–27 mm. long, 18–25 mm. broad, unevenly bilobed.. Ovary densely pubescent.. Fruit broadly-fusiform, 12–20 mm. long, 6–8 mm. broad, densely pubescent.
Annual, 3–8 dm, ± pubescent; lvs oblanceolate, 6–15 cm, sharply serrate, gradually tapering to the short petiole; pedicels 1 or 2 in an axil, 1–2 cm, 1-fld; fls purple or rose, varying to white, the pet 2–2.5 cm, the saccate sep wider than long and shorter than the spur; fr villous; 2n=14. Native of s. Asia, widely naturalized in the tropics, and occasionally escaped from cult. in our range.
Annual, 3–8 dm, ± pubescent; lvs oblanceolate, 6–15 cm, sharply serrate, gradually tapering to the short petiole; pedicels 1 or 2 in an axil, 1–2 cm, 1-fld; fls purple or rose, varying to white, the pet 2–2.5 cm, the saccate sep wider than long and shorter than the spur; fr villous; 2n=14. Native of s. Asia, widely naturalized in the tropics, and occasionally escaped from cult. in our range.
An annual plant. It has a bushy habit. It grows 60-75 cm high and 35-45 cm wide. It has a few branches. The flowers are cup-shaped and hooded. They are 2.5-5 cm across. They can be pink, red, purple or white. The pods burst open when touched.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread autochory
Mature width (meter) 0.75
Mature height (meter) 0.6
Root system fibrous-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It is damaged by frost. It has become naturalised along roadsides in tropical America. It suits hardiness zones 10-12.
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Waste places in and around villages. Wet, rather open localities or as forest undergrowth, at elevations from sea-level up to 1,250 metres.
Waste places in and around villages.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The leaves are eaten boiled with oil and salt. The seed are eaten raw. The seeds yield a fatty oil used for cooking.
Uses dye environmental use food gene source material medicinal oil poison
Edible leaves seeds shoots
Therapeutic use Antirheumatic agents (aerial part), Beriberi (aerial part), Contusions (aerial part), Anaphylaxis (flower), Anti-bacterial agents (flower), Antirheumatic agents (flower), Arthralgia (flower), Burns (flower), Cathartics (flower), Demulcents (flower), Diuretics (flower), Low back pain (flower), Neuralgia (flower), General tonic for rejuvenation (flower), Wounds and injuries (flower), Cooling effect on body (flower), Abscess (leaf), Anti-bacterial agents (leaf), Antifungal agents (leaf), Antiviral agents (leaf), Burns (leaf), Diarrhea (leaf), Edema (leaf), Fever (leaf), Furunculosis (leaf), Infertility (leaf), Inflammation (leaf), Skin diseases, infectious (leaf), Sprains and strains (leaf), Wounds and injuries (leaf), Antirheumatic agents (root), Burns (root), Cathartics (root), Diuretics (root), Sprains and strains (root), Urinary calculi (root), Antirheumatic agents (seed), Burns (seed), Cathartics (seed), Diuretics (seed), Antirheumatic agents (stem), Burns (stem), Cathartics (stem), Diuretics (stem), Antidote (unspecified), Bactericide (unspecified), Cancer(Digestive) (unspecified), Cancer(Esophagus) (unspecified), Cyanogenetic (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dysmenorrhea (unspecified), Dysphagia (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Eye (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Lumbago (unspecified), Polyp(Uterus) (unspecified), Resolvent (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Stasis (unspecified), Vulnerary (unspecified), Caries (unspecified), Circulation (unspecified), Fish-Bones (unspecified), Fungicide (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Cathartic (unspecified), Labor (unspecified), Neuralgia (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Anti-bacterial agents (unspecified), Antifungal agents (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (unspecified), Antirheumatic agents (unspecified), Arthralgia (unspecified), Burns (unspecified), Carbuncle (unspecified), Cathartics (unspecified), Dermatitis (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Emetics (unspecified), Laxatives (unspecified), Low back pain (unspecified), Nematode infections (unspecified), Pain (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Tuberculosis (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified), Urination disorders (unspecified), Urticaria (unspecified), Wounds and injuries (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (whole plant), Antirheumatic agents (whole plant), Diuretics (whole plant), Emetics (whole plant), Laxatives (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed. Seedlings can be transplanted. Seeds are planted 3 mm deep. Plants are spaced 30-40 cm apart.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 15 - 20
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 22
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Impatiens balsamina habit picture by Dan val (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Impatiens balsamina leaf picture by Gauthier Vimier (cc-by-sa)
Impatiens balsamina leaf picture by Pascale Charvier (cc-by-sa)
Impatiens balsamina leaf picture by John Kang (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Impatiens balsamina flower picture by Monique Meyer (cc-by-sa)
Impatiens balsamina flower picture by lallesh kumar (cc-by-sa)
Impatiens balsamina flower picture by Umang Dubey (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Impatiens balsamina fruit picture by Gladys Nazario (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Impatiens balsamina world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Austria, Benin, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bangladesh, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Bhutan, China, Cameroon, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Fiji, France, Micronesia (Federated States of), Ghana, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guam, Guyana, Honduras, Croatia, Haiti, India, Italy, Jamaica, Kazakhstan, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Mexico, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Mozambique, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Nicaragua, Niue, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Palau, Puerto Rico, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Réunion, Sao Tome and Principe, Slovakia, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:373978-1
WFO ID wfo-0000730261
COL ID 3PJG3
BDTFX ID 79927
INPN ID 445494
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Balsamina coccinea Balsamina foeminea Balsamina lacca Impatiens sinensis Balsamina balsamina Balsamina cornuta Balsamina minutiflora Balsamina mollis Balsamina odorata Balsamina racemosa Balsamina salicifolia Impatiens malayensis Impatiens salicifolia Impatiens giorgii Impatiens coccinea Impatiens stapfiana Impatiens coccinea Impatiens cornuta Impatiens tamsiana Impatiens balsamina var. corymbosa Impatiens balsamina var. coccinea Impatiens balsamina var. longifolia Impatiens eriocarpa Impatiens balsamina

Lower taxons

Impatiens balsamina var. macrantha Impatiens balsamina var. micrantha