Indigofera arrecta Hochst. ex A.Rich.

Natal indigo (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Indigofera

Characteristics

Woody shrub or bushy suffrutex 0.2-3 m tall, often drying dark grey or black. Stems erect, ribbed, densely appressed strigillose with whitish or brown hairs. Stipules 2-9 mm long, linear to subulate-setaceous, ± erect. Leaves pinnately (7)11-25-foliolate; leaf axis 2.2-6(9) cm long, including petiole of 7-15 mm, extended 1-3 mm beyond lateral leaflets; stipels 0.5-1 mm long, subulate, falling early; terminal leaflet 8-19(21) x 2-8(9) mm, oblanceolate or obovate, laterals somewhat larger, oblong-elliptic; leaflets glabrous or sparsely strigose above, sparsely to densely strigose with appressed whitish or brown hairs diverging at 10-30° from midrib beneath, sometimes folded. Raceme 15-40(60) mm long including peduncle of 1-3 mm, densely (10)20-40-flowered; bracts 0.2-1 mm long, lanceolate or subulate; pedicels 1-1.5 mm long. Calyx 1-1.5 mm long, densely strigose with appressed whitish or brown hairs; lobes narrowly triangular to subulate, shorter than or equal to tube. Corolla 5-6 mm long, greenish-red, back of standard densely strigose with closely appressed brown hairs. Stamens 3.5-4.8 mm long. Style c. l.5 mm long, curving erect with a swollen style-base from apex of developing pod. Pod 11-25(30) x 2-3 mm, straight, subcylindrical, strigose with appressed whitish or brown hairs; endocarp densely spotted with tannin deposits. Seeds 4-6, 1.5-2 x 1-1.8 mm, oblong or squarish, olive green.
More
Erect to spreading, perennial herb or shrub to 3 m high; young stems ridged, strigose with dense, appressed, equally biramous hairs. Leaves pinnate, to 17 cm long, with 11–17 leaflets; stipules triangular, 1.5–3 mm long, pubescent; petiole 10–18 mm long; rachis furrowed; leaflets opposite, glabrous above, sparsely appressed-hairy below, obovate to oblong, 15–28 mm long, 3.5–9 mm wide, apex obtuse and very shortly mucronate. Inflorescences (1.2–) 2.5–8 cm long, shorter than leaves; peduncle 2–4 mm long; bracts triangular, 0.5 mm long; pedicel 0.5–1.2 mm long; flowers pink to reddish. Calyx 1–1.2 mm long, lobes triangular, about as long as the tube, clothed with moderately dense, white or grey, appressed hairs. Standard broadly elliptical, 4–4.5 mm high, 3.3–3.5 mm wide. Wings spathulate, 3.5–4 mm long, 1–1.3 mm wide. Keel 4.3–4.5 mm long, 1.3–1.5 mm deep; apex rounded; lateral pockets 0.5–0.8 mm long. Staminal tube 3–3.7 mm long, colourless. Ovary appressed-hairy. Pods descending, terete, 15–25 mm long, 2–2.5 mm deep, brown; hairs sparse to moderately dense, appressed; apex shortly pointed; endocarp faintly spotted; seeds 4–7 per fruit.
Stout rather woody herb 1–2 or rarely up to 3 m. tall; stems somewhat ridged, rather densely strigulose, the hairs white or brown.. Stipules subulate-setaceous, 2–9 mm. long; rhachis strigulose, up to 6 cm. long, including a petiole of up to 15 mm., prolonged 1–3 mm. beyond lateral leaflets; stipellae subulate, under 1 mm. long; petiolules ± 1 mm. long; leaflets 7–17, narrowly elliptic-oblong, up to 2 cm. long and ± 7 mm. wide, strigulose beneath, usually glabrous above.. Racemes many-flowered, sessile, up to 5 cm. long but usually much shorter; bracts lanceolate, ± 1 mm. long, caducous; pedicels ± 1 mm. long, strongly reflexed in fruit.. Calyx brown strigulose, ± 1.5 mm. long; lobes triangular, as long as the tube.. Corolla brown strigulose outside.. Stamens 3–4 mm. long.. Pod brown, straight, slightly tetragonal, somewhat torulose, but not in the plane of the sutures, 12–17 mm. long, ± 2.2 mm. wide, up to 2.8 mm. thick; endocarp ± spotted.. Seeds 4–6, shortly oblong, rhombic in cross-section.. Fig. 43/4, p. 293.
Single to multi-stemmed shrub or bushy suffrutex, 0.2-3.0 m high; stems woody, angular, densely strigillose, hairs hyaline or brown. Stipules 2-9 mm long, subulate-setaceous. Leaves pinnately (7)11-25-foliolate, rachis 22-70(90) mm long, extended 1-5 mm beyond lateral leaflets; petioles 7-15 mm long. Terminal leaflet 8-20(25) x 2-10 mm, oblanceolate to obovate, apex ± rounded; both surfaces sparsely strigose, appressed hyaline or brown hairs beneath. Inflorescences of 15-50(60) mm long, densely (10)20-40-flowered racemes; peduncle 1-4 mm long; pedicels 1.0-1.5 mm long. Flowers 5-6 mm long, greenish red; calyx 1.0-1.5 mm long, densely strigose; lobes triangular, shorter than to ± equalling tube; standard dorsal surface densely strigose, hairs closely appressed, brown or ferruginous. Stamens 3.5-4.8 mm long. Flowering time Feb.-Apr. Pod 11-25(30) x 2-3 mm.
A herb or small shrub. It grows up to 2-4 m high. It keeps growing from year to year. The stems are partly woody. The leaflets are slightly hairy. The flowers are pink or brown. There are 4-6 seeds.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.0 - 3.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Deciduous and evergreen bushland; mixed woodland areas of cultivation and secondary growth; forest margins; (Hyparrhenia) grassland; roadsides; flood plains; pans; termitaria; waste ground; at elevations of 200-2,700 metres.
More
A tropical plant. It grows naturally in tropical Africa in savannah.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

In various other countries, Indigofera arrecta, along with I. suffruticosa and I. tinctoria, were the three main species cultivated as a source of indigo dye. In Australia, it is likely the species was introduced as a possible fodder crop since since it was being grown from imported seed for this purpose at Queensland research facilities as early as 1951.  
More
The young leaves are eaten.
Uses animal food coffee substitute cover plant dye environmental use fodder food green manure hedge manure material medicinal tea
Edible leaves roots
Therapeutic use Hypoglycemic agents (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 10
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 22 - 30
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Indigofera arrecta habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Indigofera arrecta habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Indigofera arrecta habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Indigofera arrecta leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Indigofera arrecta leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Indigofera arrecta leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Indigofera arrecta flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Indigofera arrecta flower picture by Sophie Macfarlane (cc-by-sa)
Indigofera arrecta flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Indigofera arrecta fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Indigofera arrecta fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Indigofera arrecta fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Indigofera arrecta world distribution map, present in Angola, Australia, Burundi, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, India, Kenya, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Malawi, Niger, Nigeria, Philippines, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Senegal, Somalia, Togo, Thailand, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Viet Nam, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:498996-1
WFO ID wfo-0000190433
COL ID 3PLSC
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Indigofera madagascariensis Indigofera scopa Indigofera umbonata Indigofera arecta Indigofera kisantuensis Indigofera tinctoria var. arrecta Indigofera arrecta