Indigofera hirsuta L.

Roughhairy indigo (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Indigofera

Characteristics

Shrubs or shrublets, erect, 30-100 cm tall. Stems rufous, with spreading rust-colored basifixed extremely asymmetrically 2-branched trichomes looking like simple trichomes. Stipules narrowly triangular, 1-1.2 cm. Leaves 2.5-10 cm, 5-9-foliolate; petiole and rachis adaxially grooved, with spreading rust-colored basifixed trichomes; petioles 0.8-1.2 cm; stipels 1-2 mm; petiolules 1.5-2 mm; leaflet blades opposite, elliptic to obovate, 1.5-3.5 × 0.7-2 cm, both surfaces with dense spreading gray basifixed trichomes, midvein abaxially promi­nent, secondary veins 4-6 on each side of midvein, base cune­ate, apex rounded and with a ca. 0.2 mm mucro. Racemes 10-20 cm, densely flowered; bracts linear-triangular, ca. 4 mm, caducous. Pedicel ca. 2 mm, deflexed after flowering. Calyx 4-6 mm, with spreading gray basifixed trichomes; tube ca. 1 mm; teeth setaceous, 3-5 × as long as tube. Corolla red; standard with white blotches at base, obovate-elliptic, 4-5 × 3-4 mm, outside hairy; wings 4-5 × 1.2-1.5 mm, glabrous, apical margin hairy; keel white with a red tip, 4-5 × 1.2-2.5 mm, glabrous, apical margin hairy, spur ca. 0.7 mm. Stamens 3-4.5 mm; anthers ovoid. Ovary hairy, with 6-9 ovules. Legume cylindric, straight, round in cross section, 1.5-2 cm × 2-2.5 mm, with spreading trichomes; endocarp black blotched. Seeds 6-9 per legume, brown, cubic. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Oct-Dec. 2n = 16.
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Erect and spreading or prostrate annual herb or subshrub to 1.5 m high; young stems ridged, white and green or dark brown, hirsute with moderately dense to dense, spreading, unequally biramous hairs. Leaves pinnate, to 8 cm long, with 3–9 (–11) leaflets; stipules subulate, 5–10 (–14) mm long, pubescent; petiole 4–16 mm long; rachis furrowed; leaflets opposite, discolorous, elliptic or obovate, 6–30 (–45) mm long, 4.5–17 (–25) mm wide, apex obtuse and shortly mucronate. Inflorescences 6–20 (–34) cm long, longer than leaves; peduncle 2–7 (–8.5) cm long; bracts subulate or narrowly triangular, 1.5–4 (–6.5) mm long; pedicels to 1.5 mm long; flowers red or deep pink (rarely yellow). Calyx 3–6.5 mm long; lobes unequal, longer than the calyx tube, clothed with spreading hairs. Standard ovate, obovate or orbicular, 4–5 mm high, 3–4 mm wide. Wings narrowly obovate or spathulate, 4.3–5.2 mm long, 1.1–1.9 mm wide. Keel 4.7–5.2 mm long, 1.3–2.1 mm deep; apex acute to rounded; lateral pockets 0.6–1 mm long. Staminal tube 3.3–4.5 mm long, colourless. Ovary densely hairy. Pods deflexed, terete or shortly cylindrical, 10–20 (–26) mm long, 2–3.5 mm deep, red-brown, densely covered in stiff, spreading, brown hairs; apex shortly pointed; endocarp spotted. Seed 6–9, cuboid.
Erect or spreading annual up to 1.5 m. tall; stems cylindrical or slightly ridged, stiffly brownish or, occasionally, white pilose.. Stipules linear-setaceous, up to 1 cm. long; rhachis pilose, up to 9 cm. long, including a petiole of up to 2 cm., prolonged up to 13 mm. beyond the lateral leaflets; stipellae not visible; petiolules 2 mm. long; leaflets 5–7 or rarely 9, elliptic-oblong, up to 40 mm. long and 25 mm. wide, the terminal rather longer than the lateral, pilose on both surfaces.. Racemes dense, many-flowered, hirsute, in all 20 or 30 cm. long, including a peduncle which is more than 25 mm. long but usually shorter than the floriferous part; bracts linear-lanceolate, up to 5 mm. long, caducous; pedicels ± 1 mm. long, reflexed in fruit.. Calyx stiffly brown hirsute, ± 4 mm. long, divided almost to the base into linear-setaceous lobes.. Corolla white pubescent outside, brick-red or rose, the standard the same colour as the wings.. Stamens ± 4 mm. long.. Pod straight, rather tetragonal, with well-developed sutures, 12–20 mm. long, ± 2 mm. wide and thick, hirsute, many of the hairs, especially the dorsal ones, usually brown; endocarp strongly spotted.. Seeds 6–9, cuboid, angular, strongly pitted.. Fig. 45/1–14.
Herbaceous, erect, densely and softly hairy; branches angular; leaves short-petioled, 4-6-jugate, the common petiole gland-stipelled; leaflets elliptic-oblong, subobtuse, mucronulate, villous on both sides, the terminal petioled; stipules setaceo-subulate, long; racemes subspicate, on long, hirsute peduncles, densely many-flowered; bracts minute; calyces hirsute, the segments subulate-acuminate; legumes short, turgid, mucronate, deflexed, densely hirsute, few-seeded.
A shrub. It can grow 1 m tall. The stems have a rusty brown coating. The leaves are 3-10 cm long and have 5-9 leaflet stalks. The leaflets are opposite and 1.5-3.5 cm long by 0.7-2 cm wide. The pod is 1.5-2 cm long by 2-2.5 mm wide. There are 6-9 seeds.
Life form annual
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.35 - 1.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.85
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

In Australia, recorded from a wide range of substrates from sand to clays, in woodlands, roadsides and other disturbed sites. It is a native but there is a strong possibility that there have been more recent introductions. The species is frequently found in disturbed areas and has extended its range through human activity, so that it is now generally considered to be a weed (Lazarides et al. 1997). On Christmas Island grows among limestone pinnacles and in poor soil in disused quarries and on cleared ground, often with the two invasive Mimosa species, M. invisa and M. pudica (Du Puy & Telford 1993: 213).
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A weed in cultivated and waste areas, in grassland, savannah, dry and deciduous forest, on river banks and beaches, at elevations from sea level to 1,500 metres.
It is a tropical plant.
Light 7-8
Soil humidity 5-5
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Introduced in many areas as a soil cover-crop and green manure. Tolerates poor soil and increases the fertility of soil with nitrogen-fixing root nodules. (Du Puy & Telford 1993: 213).
Uses animal food cover plant dye environmental use fodder food forage green manure manure material medicinal poison soil improve vertebrate poison
Edible -
Therapeutic use Eye diseases (fruit), Appetite stimulants (leaf), Diarrhea (leaf), Yaws (leaf), Inflammation (root), Tooth socket (root), Anemia, hemolytic (seed), Fever (seed), Diarrhea (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Yaws (unspecified), Brain diseases (unspecified), Pain (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 17 - 50
Germination temperacture (C°) 16
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 22 - 30
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Indigofera hirsuta habit picture by Zumbado Manuel (cc-by-sa)
Indigofera hirsuta habit picture by R. Tournebize (cc-by-sa)
Indigofera hirsuta habit picture by R. Tournebize (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Indigofera hirsuta leaf picture by Zumbado Manuel (cc-by-sa)
Indigofera hirsuta leaf picture by R. Tournebize (cc-by-sa)
Indigofera hirsuta leaf picture by R. Tournebize (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Indigofera hirsuta flower picture by Johnnie Walters (cc-by-sa)
Indigofera hirsuta flower picture by Zumbado Manuel (cc-by-sa)
Indigofera hirsuta flower picture by R. Tournebize (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Indigofera hirsuta fruit picture by Tharunoju Laxman kumar (cc-by-sa)
Indigofera hirsuta fruit picture by Juan Carlos Ordonez (cc-by-sa)
Indigofera hirsuta fruit picture by Augustin Soulard (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Indigofera hirsuta world distribution map, present in Angola, American Samoa, Australia, Burundi, Benin, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bangladesh, Brazil, Barbados, Botswana, Central African Republic, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Comoros, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Indonesia, India, Kenya, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mexico, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Malawi, Malaysia, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Niue, Nauru, Peru, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Réunion, Sudan, Senegal, Singapore, Sierra Leone, El Salvador, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Viet Nam, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:499456-1
WFO ID wfo-0000192713
COL ID 3PM78
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 446764
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Anila hirsuta Indigofera indica Indigofera rhodosantha Anil hirsuta Indigofera barbata Indigofera ferruginea Indigofera hirsuta var. pumila Indigofera fusca Indigofera hirta Hedysarum coccineum Indigofera hirsuta