Indigofera trifoliata L.

Threeleaf indigo (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Indigofera

Characteristics

Erect or spreading, rarely prostrate or trailing, perennial herb or subshrub, 0.3–0.6 (–1.2) m high; young stems ridged, bearing dense, appressed, equally or unequally biramous hairs. Leaves digitately trifoliolate, very rarely 5-foliolate; stipules linear, 0.6–0.9 mm long, pubescent; petiole 5–14 mm long; rachis furrowed; stipellae inconspicuous; multicellular hairs between leaflet pairs sparse, orange to red or brown, pointed-linear; leaflets obovate, narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, mostly 12–30 mm long, 2.5–8.5 mm wide, upper surface green, with hairs sparse, appressed or shortly spreading, lower surface green, with sparse, appressed hairs and conspicuous, yellow to orange discoid glands, apex obtuse or acute and shortly mucronate. Inflorescences 3.5–8 (–13.5) mm long, shorter than leaves; peduncle to 0.5 mm long; bracts ovate, 0.3–0.6 mm long; pedicel 0.4–0.9 mm long; flowers red. Calyx 1.5–2.6 mm long; lobes subequal, longer than the tube and covered with moderately dense, white to pale brown, appressed hairs. Standard ovate to obovate, 3.3–5 mm long, 2.4–3.4 mm wide. Wings ± glabrous, 3.3–5 mm long, 1.1–1.8 mm wide. Keel 3.7–5 mm long, 1.4–1.7 mm deep; apex acute or rounded; lateral pockets 0.7–1.3 mm long; hairs moderately dense, hyaline or brown, interspersed with numerous discoid glands. Staminal tube 2.2–3.3 mm long, colourless. Ovary moderately hairy; discoid glands present on the ventral surface; style long, to c. 2.5 mm. Pods descending, terete, with four narrow wings (one on either side of each suture), 7–15 mm long, 1–1.5 mm wide, glabrescent or strigose with sparse, appressed hairs; discoid glands present; apex shortly beaked; endocarp not spotted; seeds 3–7 per fruit.
More
Shrublets or perennial herbs, erect or ascending, 15-60 cm tall. Stems with appressed white medifixed symmetrically 2-branched trichomes. Stipules narrowly triangular, 3-5 × ca. 0.2 mm. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 6-10 mm, with dense appressed medifixed trichomes; stipels linear, ca. 0.5 mm, glabrous; petio­lules 1-2 mm, with very dense appressed medifixed trichomes; leaflet blades opposite, narrowly obovate to obovate-elliptic, 0.6-3 × 0.3-0.5(-1.2) cm, both surfaces with sparse appressed medifixed trichomes, abaxially with dark red disk-shaped glands, secondary veins not visible, base narrowly cuneate, apex rounded to emarginate and with a ca. 0.2 mm mucro. Ra­cemes 5-10 mm, densely flowered; peduncle to 2.5 mm; bracts narrowly triangular, ca. 1 × 0.2 mm, with dense appressed medifixed trichomes. Pedicel 0.5-1 mm. Calyx 2.5-3 mm, with dense appressed medifixed trichomes; tube 0.5-1 mm; teeth narrowly triangular, 1.2-1.5 mm. Corolla red; standard orbicu­lar, ca. (2-)5 × 2-3 mm, outside hairy; wings ca. (2-)4 × 0.5 mm, glabrous; keel ca. (2-)5 × 1 mm, outside hairy. Stamens (2-)5-6 mm; anthers globose, glabrous. Ovary glabrous, with 3-6 ovules. Legume straight, laterally flattened, 10-15 × ca. 2.5 mm, with dense appressed medifixed trichomes and often with disk-shaped glands, sutures thickened; endocarp not blotched. Seeds ca. 2 × 2 mm. Fl. Jun-Sep, fr. Sep-Oct.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.28 - 0.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Recorded in open communities (woodland, open forest or grassland), on a range of substrates, usually in higher rainfall areas.
More
Trailsides, grasslands, near rivers, cultivated fields; at elevations up to 1,900 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses dye medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Restorative (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 10
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Indigofera trifoliata unspecified picture

Distribution

Indigofera trifoliata world distribution map, present in Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Indonesia, India, Kenya, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:500126-1
WFO ID wfo-0000173649
COL ID 3PMRQ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Indigofera trifoliata Indigofera karuppiana Indigofera vestita Anil trifoliata Indigofera trifoliata var. brachycarpa Indigofera trifoliata var. multicaulis Indigofera trifoliata var. angustata Indigofera trifoliata var. liukiuensis

Lower taxons

Indigofera trifoliata var. duthiei Indigofera trifoliata var. unifoliolata Indigofera trifoliata subsp. trifoliata Indigofera trifoliata subsp. unifoliolata Indigofera trifoliata var. zhengkangensis