Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) Kuntze

Moluccan ironwood (en), Kohu (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Intsia

Characteristics

Tree up to 40 m high and 1 m in diam.; buttresses when present up to 2(-4) m high and c. 2 m wide. Leaves 2-(or 3-)jugate, rarely 1-jugate towards the top of twigs or below the inflorescences; petiole and rachis (1.5 — )2.5 — 11.5 cm long, glabrous. Leaflets (broadly) elliptic, ovate, obovate, rarely suborbiculate, (2.5 — )5 — 10( — 18) by (1.5-)4-6 (-12) cm; apex obtuse, rounded, sometimes shortly acuminate, rarely slightly notched; base acute, cuneate, or obtuse, often slightly asymmetric; petiolules 2-6 mm. Inflorescences up to 10( — 17) cm long, pubescent, glabrescent, or more or less glabrous; pedicels 7-12 mm. Hypanthium usually about the same length as the calyx lobes. Calyx lobes elliptic, 6-10(-16) by 4-5(-7.5) mm. Petal: limb 6-10(-30) by 10-15(-35) mm; claw c. 5 mm long. Fertile stamens: filaments c. 3 cm; anthers c. 2 mm long; staminodes up to 10 mm. Ovary c. 7.5 mm long; style c. 4 cm. Pods 8.5-15(-28) by 4-5 (-7.2) cm. Seeds 2-3.5 cm long and wide, c. 0.8 cm thick.
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Tree to 30 m tall; branchlets glabrous or nearly so. Bark usually smooth with numerous pustular lenticels and oval to oblong patches exfoliating to leave shallow depressions. Leaves: petiole 0.8–5 cm long; rachis 0–9.5 cm long; leaflets usually in (1–) 2 (–3) pairs, asymmetrically ovate to elliptic or rotund, 4–16 cm long, 3–11 cm wide, rounded to obtuse or obtusely pointed or emarginate apically, glabrous throughout or with hairs on one or both sides of midrib on lower surface, venose. Flowers in dense corymbose panicles 3–10 cm long, 4–12 cm wide, on slender, finely pubescent pedicels. Hypanthium 6–10 mm long; sepals oblong-elliptic, 6–13 mm long, finely pubescent. Petal 1.3–3.3 cm long, long-clawed, white turning pink; lamina 1–3.4 cm wide. Stamens red. Pods oblong, compressed, 10–28 cm long, 4–7.2 cm wide. Seeds blackish but with a rusty scurf, 2.2–3.5 cm long, 1.5–3.2 cm wide, somewhat compressed.
A tree which grows along the foreshore. It is 30-50 m tall. The trunk can be 15 m long. It has small buttresses. The trunk can be 60-90 cm across. The bark peels off in circular flakes. The crown is spreading and leaves often fall off. The leaves are divided along the stalk. The leaf is 25 cm long. There are 2 pairs of leaflets. These leaflets are oval and often different on each side of the midrib. They are shiny green. They are 8-14 cm long by 6-11 cm wide. The flower panicle has many flowers densely together and they are at the end of a branch. The petals are often crinkled and can be white or red. The stamens are dark red. The flowers have a pleasant smell. The fruit is a pod which is oblong and flat. It has a short beak. There are veins along the valves. The pod is 14-28 cm long by 4-7 cm wide. There are 2-4 or more seeds which are flat and 2-2.5 cm across.
Tree 5–40 m. high, buttressed when old; bark pale grey; young branchlets glabrous or nearly so.. Leaves glabrous (in East Africa); petiole with rhachis (1.5–)3.5–10.5 cm. long; leaflets in (l–)2, very rarely 3, pairs, asymmetrically ovate to elliptic or rotund, 4–16 cm. long, 2.8–11 cm. wide, rounded to obtuse or obtusely pointed at apex, venose.. Inflorescence a corymbose panicle 3–10 cm. long and 4–12 cm. wide.. Sepals 6–16 mm. long.. Petal 1, white or pink, 1.3–3.3 cm. long, long-clawed, with a crisped lamina 1–3.4 cm. wide.. Stamens red.. Pods 10–28 cm. long, 4–7.2 cm. wide.. Seeds 2.2–3.5 cm. long, 1.5–3.2 cm. wide, ± covered with detachable rusty scurf.. Fig. 23, p. 129.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 30.0 - 35.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer present
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It usually occurs in the lowlands close to the coast. It can tolerate wet soils. It can grow in areas which are occasionally flooded. It is often on limestone. It can grow on atolls. It suits a pH of 6.1 to over 7.4. It can tolerate salty soils. It can tolerate salt spray. It grows on the side of tidal rivers. It is usually in areas with a rainfall of 1500-2300 mm per year. It is drought resistant. It grows best with temperatures around 26-27°C. It cannot tolerate temperatures below 17°C. It grows best in full sun. In Papua New Guinea it grows from sea level to 450 m altitude. In Madagascar it is usually below 50 m altitude.
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Often found on sand and coral beaches, but also in periodically inundated localities further inland. It also occurs in dryland mangroves which are the final stage of mangrove forest succession and the transition to inland forests.
Found in coastal and lowland rainforest, sometimes on the upper margin of mangroves or growing on the shore.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 4-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

CAUTION: The fruit are poisonous. The seeds can be made edible by careful preparation. This includes shelling then soaking them in water for 3-4 days and then boiling them.
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UsesSee under the genus.
Uses animal food dye environmental use food fuel gene source invertebrate food material medicinal oil poison social use timber wood
Edible fruits leaves pods seeds
Therapeutic use Adenopathy (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Detoxicant (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. The seed need to be treated to break the hard seed coat. They can also be grown by cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 22 - 28
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Intsia bijuga leaf picture by irshad alam (cc-by-sa)
Intsia bijuga leaf picture by olivier consigny (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Intsia bijuga fruit picture by Noel Dionson (cc-by-sa)
Intsia bijuga fruit picture by Noel Dionson (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Intsia bijuga world distribution map, present in Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Fiji, Micronesia (Federated States of), Indonesia, India, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Mauritius, Malaysia, Mayotte, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Seychelles, Thailand, Tonga, Tanzania, United Republic of, United States of America, Viet Nam, and Vanuatu

Conservation status

Intsia bijuga threat status: Near Threatened

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:500954-1
WFO ID wfo-0000168901
COL ID 3PSYS
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447570
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Outea bijuga Macrolobium bijuga Intsia bijuga Macrolobium bijugum Intsia moelebei Afzelia bijuga Afzelia bijuga f. sambiranensis Intsia bijuga var. glabra

Lower taxons

Intsia bijuga var. bijuga Intsia bijuga var. retusa