Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.

Swamp morning-glory (en), Ipomée aquatique (fr), Liseron d'eau (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Solanales > Convolvulaceae > Ipomoea

Characteristics

Herbaceous, perennial or sometimes annual (see notes). Stems mostly thick, hollow or spongy, rooting at the nodes, up to 2 or 3 m, trailing on moist soil or mud, or floating on water, occasionally thinner, trailing or twining; glabrous or hairy at the nodes. Leaves glabrous, variable in shape and size, even on the same plant, ovate, triangular, ovate-oblong, lanceolate or linear, 3-15 by 1-9 cm, truncate, cordate to sagittate or hastate at the base, with rounded or acutish to acute, entire or dentate basal lobes, acute or obtuse to retuse and mucronulate at the apex; leaf-margin above the basal lobes entire or coarsely dentate; petiole 3-20 cm, glabrous. Inflorescences axillary; peduncle 1-12 cm, glabrous, cymosely one-to few-flowered. Pedicels longer than the calyx, 2-6½ cm, glabrous. Bracts minute, narrow, acute. Sepals equal in length or the outer ones a little shorter, glabrous, with thin pale margins; outer ones ovate-oblong, obtuse, minutely mucronate or blunt, 7-8 mm long, inner ones ovate-elliptic, minutely mucronate, ca 8 mm long. Corolla funnel-shaped, (2.5-)3-5 cm long, glabrous, pink or pale lilac, often with a purple centre, rarely entirely white. Stamens and style included; filaments hairy at the base. Ovary glabrous. Capsule ovoid to globose, ca 8-10 mm high, glabrous. Seeds 4 or less, densely greyish pubescent or sometimes glabrous.
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Glabrous perennial or sometimes annual herb. Stems many from a woody base, thick, semisuc-culent, terete or striate, hollow or spongy, rooting at nodes, trailing on mud or floating on water, up to 3 m long, sometimes hairy at nodes. Leaves very variable, ovate to triangular or linear, 30-150 x 10-90 mm, apex acute to obtuse, base truncate, cordate to hastate and auriculate, margin entire or dentate; petiole thick, 30-250 mm long. Peduncles axillary, 10-140 mm long, cymosely 1-to few-flowered; pedicels 20-65 mm long; bracts narrow, acute, 1.5-2 mm long. Sepals coriaceous with thin, pale margins, sometimes verrucose, subequal, ovate-oblong to ovate-elliptic, obtuse or acute, 6-12 mm long. Corolla funnel-shaped, purple, pink or white, often with a purple eye, rarely entirely white, 25-75 mm long, limb 45-50 mm in diameter, narrow tube somewhat constricted at place of insertion of filaments. Capsule ovoid, 8-10 mm long. Seeds densely pubescent.
Herbs annual, terrestrial and repent or floating; axial parts glabrous. Stems terete, thick, hollow, rooting at nodes. Petiole 3-14 cm, glabrous; leaf blade variable, ovate, ovate-lanceolate, oblong, or lanceolate, 3.5-17 X 0.9-8.5 cm, glabrous or rarely pilose, base cordate, sagittate or hastate, occasionally truncate, margin entire or undulate, apex acute or acuminate. Inflorescences 1-3(-5)-flowered; peduncle 1.5-9 cm, base pubescent; bracts squamiform, 1.5-2 mm. Pedicel 1.5-5 cm. Sepals subequal, glabrous; outer 2 ovate-oblong, 7-8 mm, margin whitish, thin, apex obtuse, mucronulate; inner 3 ovate-elliptic, ca. 8 mm. Corolla white, pink, or lilac, with a darker center, funnelform, 3.5-5 cm, glabrous. Stamens unequal, included. Pistil included; ovary conical, glabrous. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule ovoid to globose, ca. 1 cm in diam., woody, tardily dehiscent or ?indehiscent. Seeds densely grayish pubescent, sometimes glabrous. 2n = 30*.
Annual or perennial herb; stems prostrate or floating, thick, semi-succulent, 2–3 m. long, rooting at the nodes, glabrous.. Leaf-blade very variable, narrowly to broadly triangular or linear-oblong, 3–15 cm. long, 0.5–9 cm. wide, acute, acuminate or rarely obtuse at the apex, truncate, cordate or rarely rounded at the base or sagittate to hastate; petioles 3–25 cm. long.. Peduncle 1–few-flowered, 1–14 cm. long; pedicels 2–6.5 cm. long.. Sepals ovate or ovate-elliptic, 6–12 mm. long, 3–6 mm. wide, blunt or ± acute, sometimes ± tuberculate, margins thin and pale.. Corolla funnel-shaped with a narrow tube, purple or pink or white with a deeper centre, (2.5–)4.5–7.5 cm. long.. Capsule globose, 8–10 mm. in diameter.. Seeds densely pubescent.
Kangkong is a creeping sweet potato like plant. It has hollow stems and can float on water. The leaves are green and are normally not divided like some sweet potato leaves, but the shape and size varies a little between different kinds. The trumpet shaped flower looks like a sweet potato flower and is normally white. The runners develop roots at the nodes and also branch. This branching increases when tips are picked off. Some variation in leaf shape can be observed. Leaf shape is less variable than in the related sweet potato, but narrow and broad leafed kinds occur. White and green stemmed kinds occur. Green stemmed kinds have more cold tolerance than white stemmed.
Vines; stems hollow, rooting at the nodes, procumbent on wet ground or floating on water, glabrate. Leaves mostly hastate, the terminal lobe narrowly triangular or lanceolate, the basal lobes smaller and spreading or almost absent, 4-12 cm long, apically acute or obtuse, glabrescent. Flowers solitary or in few-flowered cymnes, the inflorescence glabrous; sepals ovate-oblong, subequal, 7 mm long, obtuse or subacute, mucronulate, glabrous; corolla white or purple, 4-5 cm long, funnelform. Fruits capsular, ovoid to globose, 8-10 mm long; seeds densely soft-pilose or glabrous.
Leaf lamina very variable in shape and size, ovate, triangular, ovate-oblong, lanceolate or linear, 3–15 × 1–10 cm., acute, acuminate or rarely obtuse at the apex, truncate, cordate or rounded at the base or sagittate to hastate, entire or coarsely dentate; petiole 3–25 cm. long, thick, glabrous.
Stems several from a stout woody base, prostrate or floating, thick, semi-succulent, 2–3 m. long, rooting at the nodes glabrous or hairy at the nodes.
Inflorescence 1-few-flowered; peduncle 1–14 cm. long, glabrous; pedicels 2–6·5 cm. long, glabrous; bracts minute, narrow, acute, 1·5–2 mm. long.
Sepals ovate or ovate-elliptic 6–12 mm. long, blunt or more or less acute, sometimes more or less tuberculate, margins thin and pale.
Corolla funnel-shaped with a narrow tube, purple or pink or white with a deeper centre, 4–10·5 cm. long.
Nearly glabrous, stems hollow, from a stout woody stock, trailing on mudand rooting at the nodes
Pale or dark red-purple flowers 2-3 in. long.
Capsule globose, glabrous.
Annual or perennial herb.
Seeds densely pubescent.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows best in short day stable high temperature, moist conditions. Temperatures need to be above 25°C for satisfactory growth. In equatorial region plants probably grow up to 100  altitude. Below 23°C the growth rate is too slow for economic production. So production is mainly in the lowland tropics. Optimum pH is between 5.3-6.0. It suits damp places and grows well in swamps. It can grow as a partly floating plant in swamps and lagoons behind the beach along the coast. It grows in wetlands. Kangkong is grown in a number of other tropical countries including Malaysia, Indonesia, Egypt, Fiji and especially Hong Kong and Taiwan. In some of these countries they grow the dry land form in gardens. In Nepal it grows up to 500 m altitude. In Zimbabwe it grows up to 1,500 m above sea level. In Yunnan.
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In moist, marshy or inundated localities, in shallow pools, ditches, wet rice-fields, forming dense masses; also along waysides, wild and cultivated, from sea-level to 1000 m. The species is easily propagated by cuttings.
Moist, marshy or inundated localities, shallow pools, ditches, rice fields, forming dense masses. Also found along roadsides at elevations from sea-level up to 1,000 metres.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 6-11
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The young tips are cooked and eaten. They can be boiled, steamed, stir-fried, or added to soups, stews or curries. The young stems can be used in pickles. The young tips can be eaten raw in salads. The roots are occasionally cooked and eaten. The harvested leaves can be stored for 4-5 days. The fruit are fried and eaten.
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Uses. An excellent palatable vegetable, especially the young shoots and leaves. Also used as 'fish-food' and in medicine. In the Malay Peninsula it is very general to feed it to pigs ( BURKILL A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula 1935 HEYNE De Nuttige Planten ed. 2 1927 ).
Uses animal food environmental use fodder food fuel gene source material medicinal poison social use
Edible flowers fruits leaves roots shoots stems
Therapeutic use Antineoplastic agents (aerial part), Diabetes mellitus (aerial part), Hemorrhoids (aerial part), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (aerial part), Antifungal agents (flower), Diabetes mellitus (flower), Endophthalmitis (flower), Anti-bacterial agents (leaf), Antidepressive agents (leaf), Antiemetics (leaf), Antifungal agents (leaf), Antioxidants (leaf), Appetite stimulants (leaf), Asthma (leaf), Bites and stings (leaf), Diabetes mellitus (leaf), Dysentery, amebic (leaf), Edema (leaf), Fertility agents (leaf), Fever (leaf), Flatulence (leaf), Furunculosis (leaf), Gastrointestinal diseases (leaf), Insect bites and stings (leaf), Jaundice (leaf), Leprosy (leaf), Liver diseases (leaf), Anti-poisoning (leaf), Postpartum hemorrhage (leaf), Puerperal disorders (leaf), Stomach diseases (leaf), Stomach ulcer (leaf), Ulcer (leaf), Urination disorders (leaf), Otorrhea (leaf), Retinitis (leaf), Bites and stings (shoot), Diabetes mellitus (shoot), Galactogogues (shoot), Insect bites and stings (shoot), Lactation disorders (shoot), Pain (shoot), Antidepressive agents (stem), Antifungal agents (stem), Gastrointestinal diseases (stem), Anti-poisoning (stem), Otorrhea (stem), Retinitis (stem), Antidote (unspecified), Debility (unspecified), Delirium (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Ringworm (unspecified), Labor (unspecified), Piles (unspecified), Nerves (unspecified), Headache (unspecified), Antidotes (unspecified), Antiemetics (unspecified), Asthenia (unspecified), Bites and stings (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Cathartics (unspecified), Common cold (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Digestive system diseases (unspecified), Emetics (unspecified), Eye diseases (unspecified), Fatigue (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Hemorrhoids (unspecified), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified), Laxatives (unspecified), Leprosy (unspecified), Liver diseases (unspecified), Nervous system diseases (unspecified), Parasympatholytics (unspecified), Anti-poisoning (unspecified), Pruritus (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Stomach diseases (unspecified), Vitiligo (unspecified), Vomiting (unspecified), Anthelmintics (whole plant), Antidotes (whole plant), Asthenia (whole plant), Breast diseases (whole plant), Bronchitis (whole plant), Cathartics (whole plant), Diet, food, and nutrition (whole plant), Emetics (whole plant), Endophthalmitis (whole plant), Epistaxis (whole plant), Fever (whole plant), Hemorrhoids (whole plant), Hypertension (whole plant), Jaundice (whole plant), Leprosy (whole plant), Liver diseases (whole plant), Nervous system diseases (whole plant), Vitiligo (whole plant), Vomiting (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Dryland kangkong is normally grown from seed. Sometimes seed are pre-soaked for 12-24 hours prior to sowing. Plants can also be grown from cuttings and establishment is rapid. Top cuttings 25-40 cm long can be planted beside a pond.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 15 - 35
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Ipomoea aquatica habit picture by pratiwir pratiwir (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Ipomoea aquatica leaf picture by I AM (cc-by-sa)
Ipomoea aquatica leaf picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Ipomoea aquatica leaf picture by Nadine Murtaza (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Ipomoea aquatica flower picture by Julien Champ (cc-by-sa)
Ipomoea aquatica flower picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Ipomoea aquatica flower picture by Asim Kumar Mishra (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Ipomoea aquatica fruit picture by pratiwir pratiwir (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Ipomoea aquatica world distribution map, present in Angola, Argentina, Australia, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Belize, Brazil, Botswana, Central African Republic, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Colombia, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Cuba, Djibouti, Ecuador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Micronesia (Federated States of), Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guadeloupe, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, French Guiana, Guam, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Jamaica, Kenya, Cambodia, Kiribati, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mexico, Mali, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Mozambique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Malawi, Malaysia, Mayotte, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Réunion, Sudan, Senegal, Singapore, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Suriname, Seychelles, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Uruguay, United States of America, Viet Nam, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Ipomoea aquatica threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:268410-1
WFO ID wfo-0001296661
COL ID 3PVLD
BDTFX ID 35852
INPN ID 445572
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Convolvulus incrassatus Convolvulus striatus Convolvulus trianthus Ipomoea hastata Ipomoea laciniata Tirtalia striata Ipomoea sphaerica Ipomoea stocksii Ipomoea striata Ipomoea striata Pharbitis laciniata Tirtalia maxima Convolvulus javanicus Convolvulus javanicus Convolvulus sepiarius Ipomoea homblei Ipomoea britteniana Quamoclit hastata Merremia hastifolia Quamoclit sagittifolia Ipomoea diversifolia Ipomoea sagittifolia Batatas abyssinica Ipomoea hellebarda Ipomoea sepiaria Ipomoea repens Convolvulus marginatus Ipomoea verrucosa Convolvulus verrucosus Ipomoea subtrilobans Ipomoea marginata f. candida Ipomoea marginata var. stipulacea Ipomoea maxima var. sagittata Ipomoea aquatica

Lower taxons

Ipomoea aquatica var. aquatica