Isolepis setacea R.Br.

Bristleleaf bulrush (en), Scirpe sétacé (fr), Isolépis sétacé (fr), Isolépide sétacée (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Cyperaceae > Isolepis

Characteristics

Plants perennial (annual?), forming dense mats; rhizomes creeping; culms, leaves, and bracts orange-punctate at 10–15X. Culms 3–25 cm × 0.2–0.3 mm. Leaves: sheaths usually reddish proximally; distal blade rudimentary to 6 cm × 0.2–0.5 mm. Inflorescences: involucral bracts 1 or 2; proximal bract erect to spreading, 3–10(–20) mm; distal bract reflexed, to 5 mm. Spikelets 3–6 × 2 mm; scales partly orange-to red-or blackish brown, midrib greenish to stramineous, not gibbous, prominently ribbed near midrib, often with 1+ pale veins on dark sides, 1.2–1.6 × 0.6–1 mm, membranous, hyaline, apex rounded to obtuse, mucro to 0.1 mm; proximal scale like others. Flowers: anthers 0.3–0.5 mm; styles 3-fid or 3-fid and 2-fid. Achenes falling separately from floral scales, orange-brown, each face prominently longitudinally 5–8-ribbed, many fine transverse ridges evident at 20–30X, broadly obovoid to oblong, thickly biconvex to compressed-trigonous, abaxial angle obscure, lateral angles prominent, faces convex, 0.8–1 × 0.5 mm. 2n = 28.
More
Rhizomes creeping. Culms 3-12 cm tall, ca. 5 mm thick, terete, grooved. Leaves sometimes with only a sheath; leaf blade linear, usually shorter than culm, 0.2-0.5 mm wide, sometimes very short and deltoid or absent. Involucral bract 1(or 2), ovate-lanceolate, 3-10(-12) mm, spreading to erect, both surfaces dark red at base, apex long awned or mucronate. Inflorescence a pseudolateral head with 1-3 spikelets. Spikelets ovoid, 2.5-4 mm, many flowered. Glumes ovate to subelliptic, ca. 1.5 mm, both surfaces dark purple to purple, midvein greenish to straw-colored, apex rounded to obtuse. Perianth bristles absent. Stamens 2; filaments short, thick, with brown minute spots; anthers oblong, 0.3-0.5 mm; connective apex evident beyond anthers. Style short; stigmas (2 or)3, slender. Nutlet pale brown to orangish brown, broadly obovoid to subspherical, ca. 0.5 mm, plano-convex to compressed 3-sided, each surface prominently longitudinally ribbed, with many fine transverse ridges. Fl. and fr. Jun-Aug. 2n = 28.
Annual herb, tufted, 0.02-0.91 m high. Leaf blades capillary to filiform, 0.1-0.7 mm wide. Culm filiform, 0.2-0.8 mm in diam. Inflorescence a terminal head of 1-4 spikelets. Subtending bract erect to suberect, filiform. Spikelets ovate, 1.7-6.5 x 0.5-2.5 mm, 4-35-flowered. Glumes boat-shaped, 1.0-2.5 x 0.4-1.0 mm, keel ± non-excurrent. Style branches 3. Flowering time Aug.-Apr. Nutlet broadly elliptical, 0.7-1.3 x 0.4-0.9 mm, 3-angled, dark brown, surface trabeculate.
Tufted, annual herb, up to 150 mm high. Stems filiform. Leaves present, blades > 5 mm long. Flowers: inflorescence a terminal head of 1-few spikelets, basal bract erect to suberect, filiform; spikelets ovoid, 2.0(-3.5) x 1.5-2 mm; glumes pale, often with red markings or entirely red; style branches 3; Oct., Nov. Fruit a longitudinally ribbed nutlet.
Tufted annual, up to 150 mm tall. Stems filiform. Inflorescence a terminal head of 1-few spikelets, basal bract erect to suberect, filiform. Spikelets ovoid, 2(-3.5) x 1.5-2 mm, glumes pale, often with red markings or entirely red. Nutlets longitudinally ribbed.
Annual herb, up to 150 mm tall. Leaves present. Inflorescence composed of 1-3 spikelets. Spikelets ± 2 mm long. Style branches 3. Nut brown, longitudinally ribbed. Glumes obovate, obtuse, green-keeled, straw-coloured or light brown.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality
Pollination anemogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.05 - 0.15
Root system fibrous-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity 5-8
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-11

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Isolepis setacea habit picture by Sans Attaches (cc-by-sa)
Isolepis setacea habit picture by Alain Lagrave (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Isolepis setacea leaf picture by Sans Attaches (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Isolepis setacea flower picture by Alain Lagrave (cc-by-sa)
Isolepis setacea flower picture by alain croibien (cc-by-sa)
Isolepis setacea flower picture by Klaas Everards (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Isolepis setacea fruit picture by Jean-Marc Vanel (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Isolepis setacea world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Belarus, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Canada, Switzerland, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Ecuador, Egypt, Spain, Ethiopia, France, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iceland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Lesotho, Morocco, Myanmar, Namibia, Netherlands, Norway, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sweden, Turks and Caicos Islands, Thailand, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Yemen, and South Africa

Conservation status

Isolepis setacea threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:309559-1
WFO ID wfo-0000450321
COL ID 3Q9R4
BDTFX ID 36131
INPN ID 103898
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Mariscus setaceus Isolepis monandra Isolepis pleurocarpa Scirpus setaceus Scirpus clathratus Isolepis gracillima Schoenoplectus setaceus Scirpus gracillimus Cyperus setaceus Isolepis setacea subsp. gracillima Isolepis setacea var. aberdarica Scirpus setaceus var. major Scirpus setaceus var. gracillimus Scirpus setaceus var. clathratus Scirpus setaceus var. digynus Isolepis setacea