Trees monoecious or dioecious, to 20(--30) m, single-stemmed; crown rounded to conical. Bark red-brown to brown, exfoliating in thin strips, that of small branchlets (5--10 mm diam.) smooth, that of larger branchlets exfoliating in scales or flakes. Branches spreading to ascending; branchlets erect, 3--4-sided in cross section, ca. 2/3 or less as wide as length of scalelike leaves. Leaves green, abaxial glands ovate to elliptic, conspicuous, with yellow or white exudate, margins denticulate (at 20´); whip leaves 3--6 mm, not glaucous adaxially; scalelike leaves 1--3 mm, not overlapping, rounded, apex acute to obtuse, appressed. Seed cones maturing in 2 years, of 2 distinct sizes, with straight peduncle, ovoid, 5--10 mm, blue to blue-black, glaucous, fleshy and resinous, with 2(--3) seeds. Seeds 2--4 mm.
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An evergreen tree. It grows 20 m tall and is a broad cone shape. The bark is brown with furrows and flakes off. The leaves are small and scale like. They occur in threes. They have very small teeth along the edge. They are grey-green and have a small gland underneath. The male and female flowers are usually on separate plants. Males are yellow and female flowers are green. The fruit is berry like and round or oval. It is blue black with a bloom over it. It is 1 cm long and ripens over 2 years.
Usually found on thin rocky or sandy soils on desert foothills and lower mountains, also on windswept peaks up to elevations of 3,000 metres, where they become low gnarled shrubs.
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It is a temperate plant. It grows naturally on rocky slopes and dry soil in mountain regions in the United States. It suits hardiness zones 5-9.
Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
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