Kandelia candel Druce

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Rhizophoraceae > Kandelia

Characteristics

Shrub or small tree up to c. 7 m tall. Stem base thickened, generally without proper buttresses. No pneumatophores. Bark smooth, lenticellate, greyish to reddish brown, inner bark thin, pink. Leaves elliptic-oblong to narrowly so, or obovate-oblong, 6-13 by 2.5-6 cm, obtuse, base cuneate, margin usually reflexed; nerves 6-7 pairs, obscure beneath, distinct or slightly elevated above; petiole 1-1.5 cm. Stipules 2 cm long. Inflorescences dichotom-ously branched, 4(-6-9)-flowered, peduncle 1½-5 cm; pedicels 2-3 mm. Flowers white, at anthesis 1½-2 cm long. Bracteoles 2-4, connate, cup-shaped and adnate to the base of the calyx. Calyx tube exceeding the ovary, lobes linear, acute, reflexed after anthesis. Petals c. 14 mm long. Stamens 8-13 mm, filiform. Disk cup-shaped. Ovary 1-celled, with 6 ovules; ovules attached mostly at the apical part of the central axis, pendulous; style filiform, with 3 stigmas. Fruit green, ovoid, 1½-2½ cm long. Hypocotyl clavate, 15-40 cm long, terete, clavate.
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An evergreen shrub. It grows 1-3 m high. The branches have distinct scars. The leaves are opposite and broadly oval. They are 4-11 cm long by 2-5 cm wide. The flowers are white. They have a half round or cup shaped ring where the petals and sepals join. The sepals are fleshy and the petals bend backwards. They have 2 deep lobes. The fruit are oval and fleshy. They are 1 cm long. There is one viable seed.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 7.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A small tree with conically thickened stem base but without buttresses or pneumatophores, sporadic on banks of tidal rivers among other mangroves but almost everywhere scarce and obviously occupying a narrow niche in the mangrove forest, rarely common in association with Sonneratia alba (Batu Lima R., Brunei). In 1939 Steup found Kandelia as pioneer on mud-shoals in the mouth of Indragiri R. (Amphitrite Bay, Mandah courses) fronting Rhizophora.
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It is a subtropical plant. It grows in shallow waters in the estuaries in Hong Kong. It grows in mangroves.
Occurs locally on banks of tidal rivers among other mangrove species, but is rather rare.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses. Timber too small and tree too scarce to have real value, only occasionally used according to Burkill.
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The young root has been used as food.
Uses charcoal dye fuel material medicinal timber wood
Edible roots
Therapeutic use Antihypertensive agents (bark), Diabetes mellitus (bark), Diabetes (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Kandelia candel unspecified picture

Distribution

Kandelia candel world distribution map, present in Argentina, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, China, Congo (Democratic Republic of the), Algeria, Hong Kong, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Japan, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Kandelia candel threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:719761-1
WFO ID wfo-0001131563
COL ID 3R25H
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Kandelia rheedei Rhizophora candel Kandelia candel Bruguiera candel