Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm.

Panicled goldenrain tree (en), Savonnier de Chine (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Sapindaceae > Koelreuteria

Characteristics

Trees or shrubs, deciduous. Bark grayish brown to black, stout, fissured when dry; lenticels gray to dark brown, small; branches tuberculate, appressed pubescent or glabrous with axes and petioles. Leaves fascicled on young branches, spreading, pinnate, imperfectly bipinnate, or sometimes bipinnate, to 50 cm; leaflets (7-)11-18 (terminal one sometimes connate with uppermost pair below middle), sessile or very shortly petiolate, opposite or alternate, ovate or broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, (3-)5-10 × 3-6 cm, papery, abaxially barbate on vein axils, sometimes tomentose, or densely pale yellow pubescent, adaxially scattered appressed pubescent on midvein, base obtuse to subtruncate, apex acute or shortly acuminate, margin irregularly obtusely serrate, teeth mucronate at tips, sometimes teeth near base sparse and fissured, or pinnately lobed. Thyrses 25-40 cm, densely pilosulose, branches spreading and long, cymes on last branches 3-6-flowered, densely arranged and capitate; bracts narrowly lanceolate, scabrous-hairy. Flowers pale yellow, slightly fragrant. Pedicels 2.5-5 mm. Sepals ovate, margin glandular ciliate, erose. Petals 4, reflexed when flowering, linear-oblong, 5-9 mm, claw 1-2.5 mm, villous; scale yellow at first, orange when flowering, irregularly fissured, tuberculate, appressed hairy. Stamens 8, 7-9 mm in male flowers, 4-5 mm in female ones; filaments densely spreading white villous at lower half. Disk oblique, with obtuse lobes. Ovary trigonous, glabrous except on ridges; rudimentary ovary densely hispidulous. Capsules conical, 4-6 cm, 3-ridged, apex acuminate; carpels ovoid, abaxially reticulate veined, adaxially smooth and slightly shiny. Seeds subglobose, 6-8 mm in diam. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Sep-Oct.
More
A deciduous tree. It grows 9-15 m tall. It spreads to 6-9 m tall. The bark is pale brown and develops shallow cracks. The leaves are long with leaflets along the stalk. The leaves are 45 cm long and it can either be lobed or have leaflets. The leaflets are 10 cm long. They have teeth along the edge. They are red when young. They then turn green then yellow. The flowers are small and yellow. They are 1.2 cm across. They occur in sprays. These can be 45 cm long. They are at the ends of shoots. The fruit are bladder like and papery.
Deciduous trees. Young parts puberulous. Leaves alternate, imparipinnate or bipinnate. Leaflets dentate to divided. Inflorescences large terminal panicles. Flowers unisexual, zygomorphic. Sepals 5, connate at base, slightly unequal. Petals 4, longer than sepals, yellow, reddish at base, turned upwards; scales 2. Disc undulate, lowest or interrupted at the place of the missing petal. Stamens 8, exserted in male flowers. Fruits bladder-like, inflated, loculicidal capsules. Seeds globose, without fleshy structures.
A tree with 7–15 toothed lfls 3–6 cm, fls in panicles 2–4 dm, and inflated, partly 3-locular capsules, occasionally escapes from cult.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 6.0
Mature height (meter) 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.4
Root diameter (meter) 0.4
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It is native to China and Korea. It grows in hot, dry river valleys. It is more cold tolerant than Koelreuteria elegans. It suits hardiness zones 6-10. Kyneton Botanical Gardens. Arboretum Tasmania. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
More
Found by sea-shores in Japan. Grows on plains and in secondary forest on poor soils in China.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 3-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-9

Usage

The leafy shoots are eaten. The berries are roasted and eaten.
Uses dye environmental use material medicinal wood
Edible fruits leaves seeds shoots
Therapeutic use Collyrium (unspecified), Cyanogenetic (unspecified), Epiphora (unspecified), Conjunctivitis (unspecified), Medicine (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from seed.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 60
Germination temperacture (C°) 8 - 11
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment scarification soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Koelreuteria paniculata habit picture by Fabrice Rubio (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Koelreuteria paniculata leaf picture by Pankaj Sharma (cc-by-sa)
Koelreuteria paniculata leaf picture by pgsala pgsala (cc-by-sa)
Koelreuteria paniculata leaf picture by Tolentino Filippo (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Koelreuteria paniculata flower picture by Patera Jaroslav (cc-by-sa)
Koelreuteria paniculata flower picture by Peter Demuro (cc-by-sa)
Koelreuteria paniculata flower picture by wilmorel2 (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Koelreuteria paniculata fruit picture by dabarle (cc-by-sa)
Koelreuteria paniculata fruit picture by mariangelarosta (cc-by-sa)
Koelreuteria paniculata fruit picture by Neagoe Larisa (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Koelreuteria paniculata world distribution map, present in China, Spain, France, Croatia, India, Japan, Korea (Republic of), Papua New Guinea, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Romania, Slovakia, Turkmenistan, Taiwan, Province of China, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Koelreuteria paniculata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:783426-1
WFO ID wfo-0000357203
COL ID 3RBVV
BDTFX ID 78088
INPN ID 161872
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Koelreuteria japonica Koelreuteria paniculata Sapindus paniculata Sapindus chinensis Koelreuteria apiculata Koelreuteria chinensis Koelreuteria paullinoides l'hér. Paullinia aurea Koelreuteria paniculata f. miyagiensis Koelreuteria paniculata var. apiculata Koelreuteria bipinnata var. apiculata Koelreuteria paniculata var. lixianensis