Kohautia cynanchica Dc.

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Rubiaceae > Kohautia

Characteristics

Perennial herb, 0.1-0.6 m high; woody base, stems ± quadrangular, papillose. Leaves up to 65 x 2 mm, filiform to narrowly linear. Inflorescences compound with 1 or 2 flowers at a node, one subsessile, other pseudo-pedicellate; peduncles up to 45 mm long. Flowers scented. Calyx: tube ± 1.6 mm long, hemispherical to ± ovoid; lobes narrowly triangular. Corolla: tube up to 19.4 mm long; lobes whitish pink above, brownish beneath, ± narrowly oblong to ovate. Style 1.5-2.6 mm long; stigma lobes up to 2.6 mm long. (sometimes flowering in first season). Flowering time Sept.-Feb. (sometimes flowering in first season). Fruit hemispheric-obconic, glabrous or slightly scabrid capsules, up to 3 x 4.3 mm. Seeds brown ± 0.6 mm long, angular-subconic.
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Annual or perennial herb or shrub, (0.06-)0.10-0.60(-1.00) m high; often turning black(ish) on drying. Leaves with blade mostly filiform to very narrowly linear, up to 2 mm wide; stipular sheaths in the midstem region mostly produced into 1 or 2, ± fimbriated, triangular lobes. Flowers: 1 or mostly 2 at a node, 1 subsessile, the other pseudopedicellate, pedicels up to 12(-20) mm long; stigma comprised of 2, free, ± filiform lobes, held well below the anthers; calyx tube and capsules ± distinctly hemispherical-obconic, glabrous or minutely verrucose; corolla with tube 9-15 mm long, lobes white, cream-coloured, rarely pinkish mauve above, tube and lobes darker below, brown, reddish brown, olive-green, olive-brown; Nov.-Mar.
Flowers scented during late afternoon and evening; corolla lobes above white, cream, more rarely pinkish mauve, tube and lobes darker below—brown, reddish brown, olive green, olive brown or dirty cream, glabrous or outside of dilated tube and midvein on back of lobes with sparse small round papillae; tube altogether (8.5)9.6–14.2(16) mm. long, the widened part (1.4)1.5–2.6(3.4) x 1–1.8(2) mm., the narrow part (0.4)0.5–1 mm. wide; lobes 2.8–5.8(7) x (0.8)1–2(2.5) mm., narrowly oblong to ovate, not quite parted to the base, ± acute.
Leaves (10)16–40(65) x (0.4)0.6–1.5(2) mm., filiform to narrowly linear, rarely narrowly linear-lanceolate, apex acute, very slightly narrowed to the base, margins mostly revolute, ± glabrous or lower surfaces especially midrib and margins with rounded loosely arranged papillae, numerous short shoot leaves often giving nodes a fasciculate appearance; stipular sheath (0.5)0.6–1.5(1.7) mm. long, glabrous, stipular lobes 0.4–1.2(2) mm. long.
Annual or perennial herb or shrub, (0.06-)0.10-0.60 (-1.00) m high. Leaves filiform. Flowers 1 or mostly 2 at a node, 1 subsessile, the other pseudopedicellate, pedicels to 12(-20) mm long. Corolla tube (8.5-) 9.6-4.2(-6.0) mm long. Calyx tube and capsule distinctly hemispherical-obconic. Flowers with lobes white, cream, rarely pinkish mauve above, tube and lobes darker below: brown, reddish brown, olive-green, olive-brown.
Annual or perennial, occasionally an erect or dwarf shrub, 0.06-1 m tall. Leaves sessile, opposite, half to slightly longer than internodes. Flowers in terminal panicle-like inflorescences, 1 or 2 at a node, one subsessile and other pseudopedicellate, whiteto cream-coloured and brownish or dirty cream beneath, scented. Capsule ± hemispherical-obconic, glabrous or slightly scabrid.
Calyx tube (0.8)1–1.6(1.8) x (0.7)1–1.5(1.7) mm., hemispherical to ± ovoid, glabrous or minutely verrucose; lobes (0.5)1–2(2.5) mm. long and 0.2–0.6 mm. wide at the base, broadly to narrowly triangular, rarely ± ovate-lanceolate, glabrous or ± scabrid with minute papillae along margins and midribs or minutely verrucose occasionally with short filiform elements on either side.
Annual or perennial occasionally suffrutescent erect to suberect herbs or rarely small dwarf shrubs (6)10–60(100) cm. tall, with woody base to 5(10) mm. in diam.; stems ± quadrangular, papillose, scabrid or glabrous, becoming glabrous towards the top, often with sparse rounded papillae along ridges.
Inflorescences ± spreading, 1 or mostly 2 flowers at a node, one subsessile, the other pseudo-pedicellate; peduncles (2) 10–45 mm. long; pseudo-pedicels 3–12(20) mm. long; glabrous, scabrid or ± verrucosely papillose.
A herb. It is wiry and can grow 60 cm tall. The stems are 4 sided. The leaves are opposite. They are narrow and 5 cm long. The flowers are in loose branched heads. They have a sweet scent.
Anthers narrowly ovate, c. 1–2.2 mm. long, often sterile, connectives darkly discoloured; pollen 3-(very rarely 4-)colporate.
Capsules (1)2.2–3 x (2.2)2.8–3.8(4.3) mm., obconic-hemispherical rarely subglobose, glabrous or slightly scabrid.
Style 1.5–2.6 mm. long; stigma lobes 1.4–2.6 mm. long.
Seeds brown c. 0.6 mm. long, angular-subconic.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.1 - 0.6
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a subtropical plant. It grows in the Kalahari. It grows along dry river courses and wooded grassland. It can grow up to 1,600 m above sea level in Zimbabwe.
Light -
Soil humidity 5-8
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The plant is eaten raw.
Uses -
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Kohautia cynanchica world distribution map, present in Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:754718-1
WFO ID wfo-0000221256
COL ID 3RC2W
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Kohautia cynanchica Kohautia gracilifolia Oldenlandia graminifolia Oldenlandia omahekensis Kohautia raphidophylla Kohautia rigida Oldenlandia neglecta Oldenlandia rigida Hedyotis cynanchica Hedyotis longiflora Kohautia longiflora Kohautia omahekensis Oldenlandia cynanchica