Kyllinga melanosperma Nees

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Cyperaceae > Kyllinga

Characteristics

Perennials. Rhizomes thick, long creeping, internodes short, clothed with brown scales, with 1 culm at each node. Culms distant, 30-120 cm tall, very compressed 3-angled to nearly compressed, smooth, base bulbous, clothed with long leaf sheaths. Leaf sheath brown, cylindric, margin scarious, mouth obliquely truncate, apex mucronate, apical 1 or 2 with a blade; leaf blade ca. 5 cm × 3-5 mm or shorter, flat, apical margin denticulate. Involucral bracts 3, leaflike, spreading to downward reflexed. Spike 1, ovoid, oblong-ovoid, or subglobose, 6-12 × 6-8 mm, with numerous densely arranged spikelets. Spikelets narrowly ellipsoid-ovoid, ca. 3 mm, 1-or 2-flowered. Glumes straw-colored with rusty brown striae, ovate-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, 5-7-veined, keel ± spinulose, apex mucronate. Stamens 3; anthers shortly linear; connective prominent beyond anthers. Style long; stigmas 2, shorter than style. Nutlet yellowish white at first but black when mature, oblong to obovoid-oblong, ca. 1/2 as long as subtending glume, plano-convex, with dense punctate processes, apex mucronate. Fl. and fr. Apr-Sep.
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Perennial herb, 0.17-1.00 m high, culms ± close together on horizontal rhizome, rhizome scales imbricate. Leaf blades 3-4 mm wide, flat. Culm scapose, 3-angled, 1.0-2.2 mm in diam. in middle. Inflorescence a single spike, ovoid-cylindric to subglobose, 5-14 x 6-10 mm, dense. Subtending bracts 3, or 3 + 1 very small bract, relatively short, erect, later reflexed, stiff. Spikelets many, ovate-lanceolate, 3.0-5.5 mm long, 2-flowered, lower bisexual, upper male. Glumes: fertile with keel wingless, glabrous or sparsely scabrid, excurrent into slender, acuminate, slightly recurved, 0.25-0.70 mm long awn. Flowering time Oct., Feb. Nutlet small, obovate, ± 1 mm long, biconvex, golden, turning bright red-orange, later black.
Perennial herb, up to 1 m high. Inflorescence 1, usually cylindric but subglobose and rust streaked under unfavourable conditions, subtended by 3 stiff, erect bracts reflexing to 45 degrees with stem later. Glumes yellowish green.
Slender perennial to 45 cm. Spikelets olive-green.
Spike large cylindrical, golden
Rhizome thick, creeping
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 1.0
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Damp places.
Light -
Soil humidity 7-9
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Appetite stimulants (leaf), Diarrhea (leaf), Skin diseases (leaf), Wounds and injuries (rhizome), Dysentery (root), Wounds and injuries (root), Pneumonia (seed), Tonsillitis (seed), Dysentery (tuber), Jaundice (tuber), Diarrhea (unspecified), Leg (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Acne vulgaris (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Fistula (unspecified), Gastrointestinal diseases (unspecified), Neoplasms (unspecified), Stomach diseases (unspecified), Wounds and injuries (unspecified), Constipation (whole plant), Chyluria (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Kyllinga melanosperma world distribution map, present in China, Thailand, and South Africa

Conservation status

Kyllinga melanosperma threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:309887-1
WFO ID wfo-0000454585
COL ID 3RH5F
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 671086
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Kyllinga imerinensis Kyllinga melanosperma Kyllinga fuscescens Cyperus melanosperma Kyllinga perrieri Kyllinga plurifoliata Kyllinga brevifolia Cyperus melanospermus var. imerinensis Cyperus melanospermus var. perrieri Cyperus melanospermus var. plurifoliatus Kyllinga imerinensis var. perrieri Kyllinga melanosperma subsp. melanosperma Kyllinga melanosperma var. plurifoliata Kyllinga vaginata

Lower taxons

Kyllinga melanosperma subsp. bifolia