Laguncularia racemosa C.F.Gaertn.

White mangrove (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Myrtales > Combretaceae > Laguncularia

Characteristics

Evergreen mangrove shrub or tree 0.5-12 m, often simple ‘peg-root’ pneumatophores. Leaves coriaceous or somewhat succulent, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 3-12 x 2-6 cm, apex obtuse to rounded or sometimes retuse, base rounded to obtusely cuneate, glabrous when fully expanded but usually sericeous when very young; minute pits, each with basal gland, visible as pimples on both leaf surfaces, usually mostly submarginal; venation brochidodromous, secondary veins 9-18 pairs, not prominent; petiole 0.7-2(-2.5) cm long, usually sericeous at first, soon glabrous, with 2 sessile glands. Inflorescence 2-20 cm long, axillary or terminal simple spikes or racemes of spikes, variously with male, female or bisexual flowers, plants bisexual to dioecious; inflorescence axes and young stems usually densely sericeous; rhachis up to 18 cm long. Male flowers ca. 2 x 3-4(-5) mm, female/bisexual ones 3.5-6.5 x 3-4(-5) mm, gradually elongating in fruit; lower hypanthium obconical, 2-4 mm long in bisexual/female flowers, densely fulvous-sericeous or rarely glabrous, 2 subapical prophylls (bracteoles) each resembling a calyx-lobe, upper hypanthium shallowly cupuliform, 1.5-2.5 mm long, incl. erect to incurved calyx lobes of ca. 1 mm long, densely fulvous-sericeous or rarely glabrous; petals broadly ovate, ca. 1.5 mm long, apex obtuse, pubescent outside; stamens 1-2 mm long, scarcely exserted; disk pubescent at outer edge; style 1-1.5 mm long, scarcely exserted, glabrous. Fruit densely fulvous-sericeous to-tomentose, rarely glabrous, 12-20 x 4-10 mm, obconical to fusiform, somewhat flattened laterally, retaining upper hypanthium, calyx and bracteoles but losing petals and stamens, longitudinally irregularly ridged, 2 narrow longitudinal wings up to 1.5 mm wide running down from bracteole midveins.
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Small tree up to about 10 m. high or bush, with glabrous branchlets usually chestnut-brown when dried, slightly swollen at the nodes. Leaves opposite, decus-sate, petiolate, petiole 1-1.5 cm. long, glabrous, with two conspicuous glands 2-4 mm. below the apex, lamina chartaceous to subcoriaceous, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, up to 10 X 5.5 cm., glabrous, usually blunt or rounded at the apex and slightly rounded at the base, lateral nerves rather numerous but inconspicuous, reticulation just visible. Flowers white or greenish-white, sessile, 5-merous, in terminal panicles up to about 20 cm. long of elongated spikes up to 7-8 cm. long, rhachis densely appressed-pubescent, bracts suborbicular to ovate, pubescent, 1.5 X 1.3 mm., soon caducous. Receptacle infundibuliform, elongating as the fruit develops, tomentel-lous, 2.5 X 1.5 mm., with two small obversely elliptic bracteoles, 1.5 X 2 mm., near the apex, expanded at the apex into a persistent cupuliform calyx with 5 broad lobes, imbricate in bud. Petals 5, suborbicular, appressed-pubescent. Stamens 10, filaments very short, inflexed in bud, inserted near the margin of the disk. Disk fleshy, 10-rayed. Style 1 mm. long, glabrous, stigma capitate. Fruit flattened-obovoid-ellipsoid, at first densely later sparsely appressed-pubescent, 12-20 X 6-10 mm. when mature, more or less longitudinally winged or ribbed, wing up to 2 mm. broad but usually less than 1 mm., crowned by the persistent remains of the calyx.
A mangrove shrub or small tree. It grows 6 m high. The trunk is straight. The bark is grey with fine cracks along it. The roots extend away from the base of the trunk. There are breathing roots. The leaves are opposite and rounded at both ends. The leaves are smooth with faint side veins. There are 2 small glands on the leaf stalk. The flowers are white in spikes between the leaves. The fruit are winged capsules.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.9
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Restricted to the landward fringe of mangrove vegetations, it is also a pioneer on disturbed sites where it can form pure stands.
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A tropical plant. It grows in brackish water in mangroves and tidal swamps. It grows towards the dry land side.
Light 7-8
Soil humidity 8-9
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 5-9
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

Uses animal food charcoal dye environmental use food fuel gene source gum material medicinal timber wood
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use Astringent (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) 20 - 30
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Laguncularia racemosa habit picture by Flor Alex (cc-by-sa)
Laguncularia racemosa habit picture by R. Tournebize (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Laguncularia racemosa leaf picture by Flor Alex (cc-by-sa)
Laguncularia racemosa leaf picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Laguncularia racemosa leaf picture by Flor Alex (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Laguncularia racemosa flower picture by Flor Alex (cc-by-sa)
Laguncularia racemosa flower picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Laguncularia racemosa flower picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Fruit

Laguncularia racemosa fruit picture by claire (cc-by-sa)
Laguncularia racemosa fruit picture by claire Felloni (cc-by-sa)
Laguncularia racemosa fruit picture by Frédéric Dupont (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Laguncularia racemosa world distribution map, present in Angola, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Benin, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bahamas, Belize, Brazil, Barbados, Cameroon, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Ecuador, Spain, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guadeloupe, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Liberia, Saint Lucia, Mexico, Montserrat, Martinique, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Senegal, Sierra Leone, El Salvador, Suriname, Turks and Caicos Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and South Africa

Conservation status

Laguncularia racemosa threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:170672-1
WFO ID wfo-0000358854
COL ID 3RXYC
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 630001
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Laguncularia martii Conocarpus racemosus Laguncularia racemosa f. longifolia Laguncularia obovata Rhizaeris alba Horau racemosus Schousboea commutata Laguncularia racemosa

Lower taxons

Laguncularia racemosa var. glabriflora