Lamium maculatum L.

Spotted henbit (en), Lamier maculé (fr), Lamier à feuilles panachées (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Lamiaceae > Lamium

Characteristics

Herbs perennial. Stems 30-50 cm tall, sparsely white pubescent, hollow. Petiole slender, 1.5-3 cm; stem leaf blades ovate, 2.5-5 × 1.5-3 cm, herbaceous, appressed hirtellous, abaxially glandular punctate, base subtruncate to broadly cuneate, margin coarsely incurved serrate, apex caudate-acuminate. Verticillasters 8-12-flowered; bracts linear, 2-3 mm, ciliate. Calyx campanulate, ca. 1 cm × 3.5 mm, 5-ribbed, glabrous except for hirsute veins; teeth subequal, straight or spreading, linear-lanceolate, 5-6 mm, margin ciliate, apex long aristate. Corolla purple, 1.8-2.5 cm; tube ca. 2 mm wide at base, pilose outside, densely so on upper lip, hairy annulate and puberulent inside; upper lip straight, oblong, ca. 7 mm, narrowed and slightly curved at base, margin undulate; lateral lobes of lower lip shallowly semicircular, each with a marginal tooth 1-1.5 mm. Anthers dark purple. Ovary lobes glabrous, with a membranous margin at apex. Fl. Jul-Aug.
More
Rhizomatous perennial, lax and tending to creep at the base, 1.5–7 dm, somewhat hirsute; lvs all petiolate, with cordate-ovate or triangular-ovate, crenate-serrate blade 1.5–6 × 1–5 cm, generally with an irregular broad white stripe about the midvein; verticils several, less crowded than in no. 3 [Lamium purpureum L.], the lower subtended by full-sized lvs, the upper by smaller and less petiolate ones; cal 5–10 mm, with firm, unequal, somewhat divaricate slender lobes; cor pink-purple (white), 2–3 cm, the tube curved, hairy outside and with a ring of hairs inside, the upper lip 7–12 mm, the lateral lobes each with a single terminal tooth; 2n=18. Native of Europe and adj. Asia, escaped from cult. on roadsides and waste places; e. Can. to Va. and W.Va. Apr.–Sept.
Rhizomatous perennial, lax and tending to creep at the base, 1.5–7 dm, somewhat hirsute; lvs all petiolate, with cordate-ovate or triangular-ovate, crenate-serrate blade 1.5–6 × 1–5 cm, generally with an irregular broad white stripe about the midvein; verticils several, less crowded than in no. 3 [Lamium purpureum L.], the lower subtended by full-sized lvs, the upper by smaller and less petiolate ones; cal 5–10 mm, with firm, unequal, somewhat divaricate slender lobes; cor pink-purple (white), 2–3 cm, the tube curved, hairy outside and with a ring of hairs inside, the upper lip 7–12 mm, the lateral lobes each with a single terminal tooth; 2n=18. Native of Europe and adj. Asia, escaped from cult. on roadsides and waste places; e. Can. to Va. and W.Va. Apr.–Sept.
A herb. It keeps growing from year to year. The stems are 30-50 cm tall. They have some white hairs and are hollow. The leaves are 3-5 cm long by 2-3 cm wide. They are green with blue-silver mottling. The flowers are pink.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.5 - 1.0
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a Mediterranean plant. It grows on hill tops and valleys between 2,400-2,700 m above sea level.
Light 2-7
Soil humidity 2-7
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-8

Usage

The young shoots are cooked as a vegetable. The flowers are sucked for their nectar. The leaves and flowers are used in salads, stews and soups. They are also finely chopped and added to mashed potatoes. The leaves and flowers are used for herbal teas.
Uses environmental use medicinal tea
Edible flowers leaves shoots
Therapeutic use Tumor (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions.
Mode divisions
Germination duration (days) 30 - 60
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Lamium maculatum habit picture by Bruno Vanstaevel (cc-by-sa)
Lamium maculatum habit picture by gilles collin (cc-by-sa)
Lamium maculatum habit picture by Eddie Toa (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Lamium maculatum leaf picture by Capdevila M Quim (cc-by-sa)
Lamium maculatum leaf picture by Claudia Spasiano (cc-by-sa)
Lamium maculatum leaf picture by Prieta Javier (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Lamium maculatum flower picture by Bruno Floquet (cc-by-sa)
Lamium maculatum flower picture by Prieta Javier (cc-by-sa)
Lamium maculatum flower picture by Prieta Javier (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Lamium maculatum fruit picture by Sun Zhe (cc-by-sa)
Lamium maculatum fruit picture by Ann Dhelft (cc-by-sa)
Lamium maculatum fruit picture by Josef Slepicka (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Lamium maculatum world distribution map, present in Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Germany, Spain, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Palau, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Turks and Caicos Islands, Ukraine, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:448886-1
WFO ID wfo-0000222579
COL ID 6NVWM
BDTFX ID 37522
INPN ID 104889
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Lamium x cardiaca Lamium dilatatum Lamium elegantissimum Lamium grenieri Lamium gundelsheimeri Lamium hirsutum Lamium laevigatum Lamium maculatum Lamium mutabile Lamium villosifolium Lamium columnae Lamium foliosum Lamium grandiflorum Lamium melissifolium Lamium rubrum Lamium rugosum Lamium stoloniferum Lamium truncatum Lamium maculatum f. glabratum Lamium tillii Lamium maculatum f. maculatum Lamium cupreum Lamium affine Lamium niveum Lamium pallidiflorum Lamium maculatum subsp. strictopurpureum Lamium maculatum var. villosifolium Lamium maculatum var. laevigatum Lamium maculatum var. hirsutum Lamium maculatum var. niveum Lamium cupreum subsp. dilatatum Lamium maculatum var. grenieri Lamium album var. maculatum Lamium vulgatum var. rubrum Lamium maculatum var. nemorale Lamium maculatum var. rubrum Lamium maculatum var. cupreum Lamium maculatum var. rugosum Lamium maculatum var. bourgaei Lamium maculatum var. kansuense Lamium maculatum var. longifolium Lamium maculatum var. glabratum Lamium maculatum var. maculatum