Lamium purpureum L.

Velikdenche (en), Lamier pourpre (fr), Ortie rouge (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Lamiaceae > Lamium

Characteristics

Annual from a short taproot, often branched at base, decumbent or nearly prostrate, inconspicuously hairy, the stems 1–4 dm; lvs all petiolate, crenate or crenate-serrate, the lower with rotund-cordate or broader blade 0.7–3 cm and separated by 1–3 very elongate internodes from the several more ovate-cordate, closely crowded, shorter-petiolate, and eventually smaller upper pairs which subtend the verticils of fls; cal 5–6 mm, with firm, unequal, somewhat divaricate slender lobes about as long as the tube; cor pink-purple, mostly 1–1.5 cm, the tube straight, hairy outside and with a ring of hairs inside near the base; upper lip 2–4 mm; 2n=18. Native of Eurasia, now established as an occasional weed in fields, gardens, and waste places throughout much of our range and elsewhere in Amer. Apr.–Oct.
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Annual herb with lax, hairy, spreading to erect stems to c. 50 cm long, often < 7 cm long in dry situations. Petioles to c. 6 cm long, slender. Lamina 2-4.5 × 1.5-3.2 cm (infl. lvs sometimes smaller), ovate to suborbicular, hairy, especially above, crenate; base truncate to cordate. Bracts similar to lvs but often larger and with short petioles. Calyx 4-9 mm long, accrescent, hairy; teeth ± = tube, subulate, often purple. Corolla 10-14 mm long, purple or deep pink; tube with prominent ring of hairs inside near base; upper lip 3-4 mm long, tomentose outside; lower lip spotted dark purple, deeply emarginate, the lateral lobes very small and toothed. Nutlets 2.2-5 mm long, sharply angled, often patterned white.
A herb which completes its lifecycle over one or two years. It grows 30 cm tall. The stems lie along the ground. The leaves are furry. The upper leaves are on short stalks and clasp the stem. The look a little like stinging nettles but they do not sting. The flowers are pinkish-purple and 14-20 mm long.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread myrmecochory
Mature width (meter) 0.2
Mature height (meter) 0.3
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. They grow well in moist rich soil. It suits plant hardiness zones 3-9. Tasmania Herbarium.
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Roadsides, waste places and as a common weed of cultivated land.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-8

Usage

The leaves are eaten as a snack. The young leaves are used as a potherb. The young flowering tips are boiled or candied.
Uses medicinal potherb
Edible flowers leaves nectars seeds
Therapeutic use Diuretic (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Styptic (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Wen (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 60
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Lamium purpureum habit picture by cscoq (cc-by-sa)
Lamium purpureum habit picture by Pierre LEON (cc-by-sa)
Lamium purpureum habit picture by Jean-Marie Frenoux (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Lamium purpureum leaf picture by Pau Cruz (cc-by-sa)
Lamium purpureum leaf picture by Jan Straka (cc-by-sa)
Lamium purpureum leaf picture by Theresa Halbe (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Lamium purpureum flower picture by Jean-Philippe Monnin (cc-by-sa)
Lamium purpureum flower picture by math smeets (cc-by-sa)
Lamium purpureum flower picture by Jean-Philippe Laurent (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Lamium purpureum fruit picture by Uros Stanojevic (cc-by-sa)
Lamium purpureum fruit picture by César Gonzalez (cc-by-sa)
Lamium purpureum fruit picture by Valérie Muyard (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Lamium purpureum world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, Colombia, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Spain, Finland, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), France, Micronesia (Federated States of), Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iceland, Italy, Morocco, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Sweden, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tunisia, Taiwan, Province of China, Ukraine, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:448939-1
WFO ID wfo-0000222642
COL ID 3S2DF
BDTFX ID 37538
INPN ID 104903
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Lamium foetidum Lamium purpureum Lamium foetidum Lamiopsis purpurea Lamium purpureum var. albiflorum Lamium purpureum var. decipiens Lamium purpureum var. exannulatum Lamium molle

Lower taxons

Lamium purpureum var. ehrenbergii Lamium purpureum var. hybridum Lamium purpureum var. incisum Lamium purpureum var. moluccellifolium Lamium purpureum var. purpureum