Lapeirousia littoralis Baker

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Iridaceae > Lapeirousia

Characteristics

Plants 200-300 mm high. Corm bell-shaped, 10-14 mm diam.; tunics woody, brown, outer layers breaking irregularly, rarely becoming ± fibrous, basal rim shortly denticulate. Stem usually with several (up to 12) long branches, produced from near base, stem ± rounded to weakly angled below nodes. Leaves few to several, linear, 1.5-4.0 mm wide, lightly corrugately ribbed, lowermost longest, inserted ± at ground level, usually slightly longer than stems, ascending to falcate or trailing, upper leaves progressively shorter. Inflorescence comprising (1-)several, relatively lax, 8-to 12-flowered spikes; outer bract green, succulent, weakly keeled, 10-18(-23) mm long; inner 1/2-2/3 as long, ± membranous with 2 green keels, forked at apex. Flowers zygomorphic, greenish yellow, light yellow-brown or dull maroon, with strong sweet scent; perianth tube slender below, curving outward and expanded above, (8-)30-45(-70) mm long, wider upper part ± 6 mm long; tepals subequal, narrowly linear-filiform, (18-)25-30 x 1.3-2.0 mm, attenuate, spreading at right angles to tube, dorsal ± erect, upper laterals arching backward, lower 3 arching toward ground. Stamens unilateral, arcuate; filaments 7-8 mm long, exserted 2-3 mm; anthers parallel, 4-5 mm long, ± white; pollen white or yellow. Style arching adaxial to stamens, branching between base and middle of anthers; style branches divided in distal 1/3-2/3, recurved above and usually tangled in anthers. Capsules globose, 6-8(-11) mm long. Seeds globose, 1.7-2.1 mm diam., dark brown, with reticulate sculpturing.
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Plants 100-150(-200) mm high. Corm bell-shaped, 10-14 mm diam.; tunics woody, brown, outer layers breaking irregularly, rarely becoming ± fibrous, basal rim shortly denticulate. Stem several-to many-branched, branches short, clustered near base, stem ± rounded to weakly angled below nodes. Leaves few to several, linear, 2-4 mm wide, slightly corrugately ribbed, lowermost longest, inserted at or just below ground, often as long as inflorescence, rarely slightly longer, ascending to falcate, upper leaves progressively shorter. Inflorescence 1 or more short, 4-to 8-flowered spikes; outer bracts green, succulent, weakly keeled, (12-)15-20(-25) mm long; inner 1/2-2/3 as long, ± membranous with 2 green keels, forked at apex. Flowers zygomorphic, white to cream-coloured, scented or not; perianth tube slender below, curving outward and expanded above, 28-35 mm long, slightly wider in upper ± 4 mm; tepals subequal, narrowly lanceolate, 13-15 x 2-3 mm, acute, spreading. Stamens unilateral, arcuate; filaments 7-8 mm long, exserted 2-3 mm; anthers parallel, 4-5 mm long, ± white; pollen white or yellow. Style arching adaxially to stamens, branching between base and middle of anthers; style branches divided in distal 1/3-2/3, recurved above and usually tangled in anthers. Capsules globose, 8-12 mm long. Seeds globose, 1.7-2.1 mm diam., dark brown, with reticulate sculpturing.
Flowers with a strong sweet scent, zygomorphic, white to cream-coloured, greenish-yellow. or light purplish-brown: perianth tube more or less dimorphic, slender below, curving outwards and expanded above, (20)30–45(70) mm long, the upper pan c. 6 mm long; tepals subequal, 13–30 × 1.3–2.5(3) mm, narrowly lanceolate to linear-filiform, acute to attenuate, spreading equally at right-angles to the tube, vertical.
A herb. It has a bulb or corm. The corm is bell shaped and 10-14 mm across at the base. The plant is erect and keeps growing from year to year. It grows 35 cm high. There are a few leaves. They are 2-4 mm wide and lightly corrugated. The flowers have a scent. They are yellowish-green. There are some subspecies.
Leaves few to several, 1.5–4 mm wide, linear, lightly corrugated, the lowermost inserted on the stem at or just below the ground and longer than the rest,equalling the inflorescence in length, rarely somewhat longer, ascending to falcate or trailing, the upper leaves shorter.
Cormous geophyte, 100-150 mm tall, branching at base, corm tunics brown, margins scalloped. Leaves linear to sword-shaped, ribbed. Flowers in a short to long spike, cream, sweetly fragrant, perianth tube elongate-cylindrical, tepals linear, spreading, bracts short.
Inflorescence comprising 1–several lax to fairly congested spikes of 5–12 flowers; the outer bracts green, 10–20(25) mm long, weakly keeled, the inner bracts smaller, apically forked, becoming membranous.
Corms campanulate, 10–14 mm in diameter at the base: tunics brown, woody, the outer layers breaking irregularly, rarely becoming fibrous, the basal margin crenate to denticulate.
Style dividing between the base and middle of the anthers: style branches forked for c. one-third of their length, usually tangled in the anthers.
Stem simple or branched, more or less terete to weakly angled below the nodes: the branches either crowded below, or laxly arranged.
Easily recognised by the long perianth tube, the narrow tepals and plicate (corrugated) basal leaf.
Stamens unilateral; filaments exserted 2–3 mm; anthers 4–5 mm long.
Capsules 6–8(11) mm long.
Plants (5)10–35 cm high.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.15 - 0.25
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a subtropical plant. It grows in deep, well-drained soils. It grows between 50-1,100 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places.
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Usually favours sandy, well-drained soils, sometimes occurring on sand dunes.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The corms or bulbs are roasted and eaten.
Uses food
Edible bulbs roots
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 12 - 15
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Lapeirousia littoralis world distribution map, present in Angola, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:439800-1
WFO ID wfo-0000784690
COL ID 6NWD4
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Lapeirousia littoralis

Lower taxons

Lapeirousia littoralis subsp. caudata Lapeirousia littoralis subsp. littoralis