Much like no. 2 [Lappula squarrosa (Retz.) Dumort.]; stem often more spreading hairy and lvs often more softly hairy; nutlets 2–3 mm, the ovate dorsal area surrounded by a single row of prickles. Native of Eurasia and w. N. Amer., intr. as a weed in waste places and along railways e. to Mich., Io., and Mo., and occasionally farther e. Most of our plants, with the marginal prickles distinct to the base, are var. redowskii. (L. occidentalis) Var. cupulata (A. Gray) M. E. Jones, mainly of sw. U.S., also occasionally reaches the w. part of our range. It has the marginal prickles of the nutlets fused to form a cupulate (sometimes much swollen) border. (L. texana)
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