Lapsana communis L.

Common nipplewort (en), Lampsane commune (fr), Graceline (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Lapsana

Characteristics

Annual herb. Stems erect, branched above, finely ribbed, with fine crisped eglandular hairs especially below, 15-100-(150) cm tall. Lvs glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy; margins ciliate. Rosette and lower stem lvs petiolate, lyrate-pinnatifid; terminal lobe large, broadly ovate to deltoid to orbicular, bluntly dentate, (1.5)-3-8 × (1.5)-3-8 cm; lateral lobes in (0)-1-3 pairs, the distal pair = or < width of terminal lobe, the proximal pairs successively smaller, all dentate. Upper lvs undivided, becoming sessile, linear-lanceolate to ovate, sharply dentate to serrate, smaller than lower lvs. Capitula in diffuse corymbose panicles; peduncles > 2× length of involucre. Involucre 5-8 mm long; bracts glabrous except for ciliate apex, strongly veined or keeled, erecto-patent; outer bracts 1-1.5 mm long. Florets few, c. 1.5× length of involucre; corolla yellow; tube < ligule. Achenes fusiform, glabrous, pale, c. 20-ribbed, 3-5 mm long; pappus 0.
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Hirsute to subglabrous weed 1.5–15 dm; lvs thin, petiolate, with ovate to subrotund, obtuse or rounded, toothed or occasionally basally lyrate blade 2.5–10 × 2–7 cm, progressively less petiolate and eventually narrowed upwards; heads naked-pedunculate, several or many in a corymbiform or paniculiform infl; invol 5–8 mm, with 8 inner bracts; fls 8–15; achenes 3–5 mm, glabrous, curved; 2n=12, 14, 16. Woods, fields, and waste ground; native of Eurasia, now found throughout our range. June–Sept.
A medium sized annual herb. The stems are erect. It can be 1.5 m tall. It does not have milky latex when cut. It may or may not have branches. The leaves are oval and have teeth. The leaves are often lobed at the base. The lower leaves have stalks and the upper leaves are smaller and do not have stalks. The flowers heads are yellow and 10-20 mm across. They are borne in loose branched flower arrangements. The florets all have rays. The flower bracts are sword shaped. They are erect.
Plant 10-125 cm. Leaves 10-150 x 10-70 mm, ovate and dentate to lyrate-pinnatifid with a large terminal lobe and small lateral lobes, the upper sessile or shortly petiolate, sometimes lanceolate and entire, the lower long-petiolate. Capitula in a more or less corymbose panicle. Involucre 5-10 x 2-5 mm; inner bracts linear-oblong, more or less obtuse, keeled in fruit; outer 0.5-1 mm, few, ovate-lanceolate. Achenes 2.5-9 mm, the outer much longer than the inner.
Leaves: blades 1–15(–30) × 1–7(–10) cm. Heads 5–25(–100+). Calyculi: bractlets keeled in fruit, 0.5–1 mm. Involucres 5–10 × 3–4 mm. Phyllaries 3–9 mm. Corollas 7–10 mm. Cypselae 3–5 mm. 2n = 12, 14, 16.
For description of subspecies occurring in Australia see Lapsana communis L. subsp. communis.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.25
Mature height (meter) 0.75 - 0.95
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.1
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a Mediterranean climate plant. It can grow in sunny or shady places. in Argentina it grows below 1,000 m above sea level. Tasmania Herbarium.
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Waste ground, roadsides and walls, avoiding acid soils, in full sun or semi-shade.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 4-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-7

Usage

The leaves are boiled and used in soups. They can also be cooked and used like spinach. The young leaves are eaten raw in salads and sandwiches.
Uses medicinal
Edible flowers leaves shoots
Therapeutic use Diabetes (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Emollient (unspecified), Nipple (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Lapsana communis habit picture by patrick Branly (cc-by-sa)
Lapsana communis habit picture by Anna Pickering (cc-by-sa)
Lapsana communis habit picture by jacques chavaribeyre (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Lapsana communis leaf picture by Manuela Brandstetter (cc-by-sa)
Lapsana communis leaf picture by Jean-Marie Vandelannoitte (cc-by-sa)
Lapsana communis leaf picture by Max Herbo (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Lapsana communis flower picture by midge773 (cc-by-sa)
Lapsana communis flower picture by Didier Corlay (cc-by-sa)
Lapsana communis flower picture by Boy Portuguese (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Lapsana communis fruit picture by Burgospain (cc-by-sa)
Lapsana communis fruit picture by Friedrich Melanie (cc-by-sa)
Lapsana communis fruit picture by Benoît Janichon (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Lapsana communis world distribution map, present in Australia, Canada, France, India, New Zealand, Pakistan, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:228732-1
WFO ID wfo-0000086921
COL ID 6NY5X
BDTFX ID 37660
INPN ID 105017
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Lapsana communis Lapsana cancellata var. cancellata Lapsana communis subsp. pubescens

Lower taxons

Lapsana communis subsp. grandiflora Lapsana communis subsp. macrocarpa Lapsana communis subsp. intermedia Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora Lapsana communis subsp. communis Lapsana communis subsp. pinnatisecta Lapsana communis subsp. pisidica Lapsana communis subsp. alpina Lapsana communis var. aurantia