Larrea tridentata (Dc.) Coville

Creosote bush (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Zygophyllales > Zygophyllaceae > Larrea

Characteristics

Shrubs, divaricately-branched, multistemmed, strong-scented, resinous. Stems reddish when young, becoming gray or black, black-banded, slender. Leaves: stipules spreading, not clasping stem, 1–4 mm, fleshy, resinous; petiole to 2 mm; leaflets green to olive brown, 4–18 × 1–8.5 mm, inequilateral, coriaceous, surfaces glutinous; awn between leaflets deciduous, to 2 mm. Pedicels 3–12 mm, 4–13 mm in fruit. Flowers to 3 cm diam.; sepals ovoid, 5–8 × 3–4.5 mm, appressed-pubescent; petals twisted at claw and appearing propellerlike, 7–11 × 2.5–5.5 mm, claw brownish; stamens 5–9 mm, filaments 4–8 mm, basal scales 2–8 × to 3 mm, 1/2 to as long as filaments; ovary 2–5 mm, stalk 1 mm, densely hairy; style cylindric, 4–6 mm. Schizocarps 4.5 mm diam., pilose-woolly, hairs white, turning reddish brown with age. Seeds 4–5 mm. 2n = 26, 52, 78.
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An evergreen plant. It is a straggling shrub. It grows 1.8-3.5 m tall and spreads 1.8-3 m wide. It has jointed stems which form suckers. The bark is dark grey to black. The leaves are compound. They are dark green or yellowish green and have 2-3 spear shaped leaflets. They produce a resin which smells like creosote. The flowers are small and yellow. They are 12 mm across.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.4 - 2.0
Mature height (meter) 3.0 - 3.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.3
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a warm temperate plant. It will grow in poor soils and under unfavourable conditions. It suits hardiness zones 7-10.
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Desert areas.
Light 5-8
Soil humidity 2-5
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 5-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-10

Usage

The flower buds are pickled in vinegar and eaten as a substitute for capers. The twigs are chewed to relieve thirst. The stems and leaves are used as a substitute for tea. A resin from the leaves and twigs delays butter, oils amd fats from becoming rancid.
Uses animal food environmental use fiber food food additive fuel material medicinal non-vertebrate poison oil poison tea vertebrate poison
Edible flowers fruits leaves stems
Therapeutic use Gastrointestinal Aid (leaf), Tuberculosis Remedy (leaf), Antirheumatic (External) (leaf), Orthopedic Aid (leaf), Cold Remedy (leaf), Disinfectant (leaf), Respiratory Aid (leaf), Analgesic (leaf), Veterinary Aid (leaf), Dermatological Aid (leaf), Emetic (leaf), Febrifuge (leaf), Unspecified (leaf), Urinary Aid (leaf), Throat Aid (leaf), Venereal Aid (leaf), Cancer Treatment (leaf), Gynecological Aid (leaf), Pulmonary Aid (leaf), Tonic (leaf), Burn Dressing (leaf), Misc. Disease Remedy (leaf), Pediatric Aid (leaf), Snake Bite Remedy (leaf), Diuretic (leaf), Tuberculosis Remedy (tuber), Veterinary Aid (unspecified), Disinfectant (unspecified), Unspecified (unspecified), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Gastrointestinal Aid (unspecified), Analgesic (unspecified), Antidiarrheal (unspecified), Antirheumatic (Internal) (unspecified), Carminative (unspecified), Cold Remedy (unspecified), Oral Aid (unspecified), Panacea (unspecified), Strengthener (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Antirheumatic (External) (unspecified), Gynecological Aid (unspecified), Orthopedic Aid (unspecified), Snake Bite Remedy (unspecified), Antiseptic (unspecified), Aphrodisiac (unspecified), Bath (unspecified), Decoction (unspecified), Fomentation (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Chafe (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dysuria (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Hematochezia (unspecified), Intestine (unspecified), Knee (unspecified), Venereal (unspecified), Tuberculosia (unspecified), Arthritis (unspecified), Bruise (unspecified), Cancer(Stomach) (unspecified), Gastritis (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Larrea tridentata habit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)
Larrea tridentata habit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)
Larrea tridentata habit picture by John L Green (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Larrea tridentata leaf picture by Brent Brent (cc-by-sa)
Larrea tridentata leaf picture by Ashley Ross (cc-by-sa)
Larrea tridentata leaf picture by Jim Conroy (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Larrea tridentata flower picture by Henry Broeska (cc-by-sa)
Larrea tridentata flower picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)
Larrea tridentata flower picture by Khadijah Khan (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Larrea tridentata world distribution map, present in Mexico and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:135649-2
WFO ID wfo-0001146325
COL ID 3SBK2
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Covillea glutinosa Covillea tridentata Guaiacum mexicanum Larrea mexicana Zygophyllum tridentatum Larrea glutinosa Neoschroetera tridentata Schroeterella tridentata Schroeterella glutinosa Neoschroetera glutinosa Larrea tridentata var. glutinosa Larrea divaricata var. arenaria Larrea divaricata subsp. tridentata Larrea tridentata var. arenaria Larrea tridentata var. tridentata Larrea tridentata