Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.) Kuntze

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Launaea

Characteristics

Perennial stoloniferous herb; stems prostrate, to 1 m long, glabrous, rooting at the nodes and forming new rosettes there, usually unbranched; rootstock semi-woody, long.. Leaves few to many, crowded at stem base, in little fascicles at the nodes, glaucous, sub-succulent, oblanceolate to spatulate, 1–11(–14) cm long, 0.5–2.5(–3) cm wide, base attenuate, subauriculate at the stem, margins entire to denticulate, rarely lobed, apex rounded or obtuse, glabrous; the fascicles often subtended by two broadly ovate bracts.. Capitula solitary or few, from the root-crown, also at the nodes; stalks of individual capitula 1–3 cm long, simple, bracteate; involucre narrowly cylindric, 10–15 mm long; phyllaries green, lanceolate, 2–15 mm long, obtuse, glabrous or minutely ciliate distally.. Florets 12–20 per capitulum; corolla yellow, tube 8 mm long, ligule 3–7 mm long.. Achenes grey-brown, cylindric, 3.5–5 mm long, with slightly spongy ribs; pappus of fine setae 6–10 mm long.. Fig. 26.
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Perennial stoloniferous herb; stems prostrate, to 1 m long, glabrous, rooting at the nodes and forming new rosettes there, usually unbranched; rootstock semi-woody, long. Leaves few to many, crowded at stem base, in little fascicles at the nodes, glaucous, sub-succulent, oblanceolate to spatulate, 1-11(-14) cm long, 0.5-2.5(-3) cm wide, base attenuate, subauriculate at the stem, margins entire to denticulate, rarely lobed, apex rounded or obtuse, glabrous; the fascicles often subtended by two broadly ovate bracts. Capitula solitary or few, from the root-crown, also at the nodes; stalks of individual capitula 1-3 cm long, simple, bracteate; involucre narrowly cylindric, 10-15 mm long; phyllaries green, lanceolate, 2-15 mm long, obtuse, glabrous or minutely ciliate distally. Florets 12-20 per capitulum; corolla yellow, tube 8 mm long, ligule 3-7 mm long. Achenes grey-brown, cylindric, 3.5-5 mm long, with slightly spongy ribs; pappus of fine setae 6-10 mm long.
Herb to c. 10 cm high, developing stolons to c. 1 m long, rooting at nodes. Leaves all basal, undivided, to 10 cm long, with l: w ratio c. 3–4, attenuate at base, entire or denticulate; secondary rosettes with much smaller leaves. Capitula solitary at nodes; involucre 4–6 mm diam.; outer bracts c. 8, ovate, c. 3 mm long, with distinct hyaline margin; intermediate bracts c. 6, reaching c. halfway along involucre; inner bracts c. 8, 10–15 mm long. Florets: ligule c. 5 mm long; style hairs pale or darkened. Achenes narrowly obloid, 4–5 mm long, with ribs prominent, brown, glabrous. Pappus caducous, c. 7 mm long, white; bristles scabridulous.
Perennial, prostrate herb, creeping stems up to 1 m long, with milky latex. Leaves in a rosette at crown, fascicled at nodes, spathulate or oblanceolate, long attenuate into a petiole-like base, margins entire or denticulate, glabrous, upper leaves smaller. Capitula ligulate, solitary or few together at tips of short peduncles; involucral bracts imbricate, glabrous. Florets bisexual, corolla yellow. Flowering time Jan.-Apr. (July). Pappus of barbellate setae. Cypselae greyish brown, subfusiform-cylindric, 7-ribbed.
Leaves few to numerous, ± densely crowded at the stem base and also in fascicles at the nodes, the leaf fascicles often subtended by 2 broadly ovate-reniform foliaceous bracts; basal leaves subcoriaceous, up to 11(14)-2.5(3) cm., spathulate to oblanceolate, apices rounded-obtuse, margins subentire to denticulate, rarely also sinuate-dentate to lobed, bases attenuate often subauriculate below; fascicle leaves similar but usually smaller.
Capitula solitary or few from the rootcrown and at the nodes; stalks 1–3 cm. long, simple, bracteate; involucres 10–13 x 3–4 mm. in flowering capitula, up to c. 15 x 5 mm. long in fruiting capitula, narrowly oblong-cylindrical; phyllaries imbricate, increasing uniformly from 3–4 mm. long and ovate on the outside to 13–15 mm. long and lanceolate on the inside, all eventually swollen and corky towards the base.
A fleshy herb. It lies along the ground and is creeping. It keeps growing from year to year. It has a taproot and trailing side roots that bear shoots. The creeping stems are 20-90 cm long. The leaves are in a ring. They are spoon shaped and 3-8 cm long by 1 cm wide. There are deep lobes along the side. The flowers are yellow.
Achenes greyish-brown, 4–5 x 1.5 mm., subfusiform-cylindric, with c. 5 ± inflated spongy ribs; pappus copious of fine, white, minutely barbellate setae 9 mm. long.
Stems up to c. 1.4 m. long, flagelliforrn, usually solitary, simple or sometimes branched, often rooting at the nodes, internodes c. 5–15 cm. long.
Florets 12–20 per capitulum; corollas yellow, c. 15 mm. long, ligule c. 7 mm. long, lorate.
A glabrous perennial herb with a prostrate creeping stem; rootstock semi-woody.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.35
Root system creeping-root tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It grows in subtropical places. Deccan. Rajasthan. It grows naturally on sandy plains. In China it grows in coastal sandy areas just above the high tide mark. In Maldives it is common along the sea shore.
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Open, sandy coastal areas just above high tide mark.
Grows on coastal sands.
Light -
Soil humidity 10-12
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

According to N. Kilian (Englera 17: 296 (1997)), labels indicate that it has been used as a salad vegetable in several countries.
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The leaves are occasionally eaten.
Uses medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Aperient (unspecified), Lactogogue(Veterinary) (unspecified), Soporific (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Launaea sarmentosa unspecified picture

Distribution

Launaea sarmentosa world distribution map, present in Australia, India, Pakistan, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:113642-3
WFO ID wfo-0000003627
COL ID 3SMD3
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 706461
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Microrhynchus dregeanus Lactuca sarmentosa Launaea bellidifolia Chondrilla sarmentosa Ammoseris sarmentosus Microrhynchus bellidifolius Ammoseris bellidifolia Ammoseris sarmentosa Prenanthes sarmentosa Microrhynchus sarmentosus Ammoseris sarmentosa var. javanica Ammoseris sarmentosa var. sarmentosa Launaea sarmentosa var. sarmentosa Launaea sarmentosa var. javanica Launaea pinnatifida Launaea sarmentosa