Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit

White leadtree (en), Graines de lin (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Leucaena

Characteristics

Unarmed shrub or small tree to 4 m high; young branchlets densely grey-puberulous. Leaves grey-puberulous: petiole 2-4.5 cm long, often with a gland at the junction of the lowest pair of pinna, glands otherwise absent; rhachis (2.5)7-15 cm long; pinnae (2)3-8 opposite pairs; rhachillae 4-8.5 cm long; leaflets 7-20 pairs, 7-15 x 1.5-4 mm, obliquely oblong-lanceolate, acute apically, puberulous on the margins and sometimes also on the midrib beneath, sometimes glabrous throughout. Flowers white to pale yellowish-white, in heads up to 1.8 cm in diameter; peduncles up to 3.5 cm long, grey-puberulous. Calyx 2-3.5 mm long, densely pubescent apically. Petals 3.5-5 mm long, puberulous apically. Stamens 10, free, filaments 6-7.5 mm long; anthers with scattered hairs. Ovary up to 2 mm long, densely pubescent apically. Pods light to dark brown, 10-18 x 1.4-1.8 cm, with a stipe up to 2.5 cm long, oblong, compressed, thinly subcoriaceous, raised over the seeds, dehiscing into 2 non-recurving valves. Seeds 7-9 x 3.5-5 mm, elliptic to obovate, glossy.
More
Shrub or small tree to c. 10(-15) m high; branchlets terete, at the top densely grey pubescent. Leaves: rachis 15-20 cm, often with an orbicular gland below the junction of the proximal pair of pinna; pinnae 3-10 pairs, 10 cm; leaflets 5-20 pairs per pinna, linear or linear-oblong, 6-21 by 1.5-5 mm, base slightly asymmetrically cuneate, apex acute or short-apiculate; both surfaces glabrous, margins ciliate, lower surface glaucous. Inflorescences consisting of pedunculate glomerules aggregated up to 3 in the leaf-axils or in terminal racemes; peduncles 2-5 cm, densely grey pubescent. Flowers: calyx tubular-campanu-late, c. 2.5 mm, puberulous at the apex, teeth triangular, acute. Petals spathulate 4.5-5 mm, puberulous. Stamens 10, creamy white to greenish white, filaments 8-10 mm. Ovary stipitate, velutinous at the apex. Pods straight, 20 by 2 cm. Seeds 15-30, obliquely held in pod, narrowly ovate, compressed, 6-9 by 3-4.5 mm, obtuse at the apex, cuneate at the base; areole oblong, c. 4 by 1.5 mm, open towards the hilum.
Shrubs or small trees, 2-6 m tall. Branchlets pubescent, glabrous when old, with brown lenticels. Stipules caducous, deltoid, very small; pinnae 4-8 pairs, 5-9(-16) cm, rachis pu­bescent with black glands at location of lowest pinnae; leaflets 5-15 pairs, linear-oblong, 7-13 × 1.5-3 mm, main vein close to upper margin, base cuneate, margin ciliate, apex acute. Heads usually 1 or 2, axillary, 2-3 cm in diam.; peduncle 2-4 cm; bracts deciduous, pubescent. Flowers white. Calyx ca. 3 mm, outside glabrous at base, puberulent at apex, 5-toothed. Petals narrowly oblanceolate, ca. 5 mm, outside pubescent. Stamens 10, sparsely pubescent, ca. 7 mm. Ovary shortly stipitate, sparsely pubescent; stigma cupular. Legume straight, strap-shaped, flat, 10-18 × 1.4-2 cm, leathery, base attenuate, pedicel to 3 cm, pubescent, beak acute, hard. Seeds 6-25, brown, glossy, narrowly ovoid, flat, 6-9 × 3-4.5 mm. Fl. Apr-Jul, fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 104*.
Shrub or tree to 4 (–10+) m high. Leaves: axes with oval gland below pinnae pairs; smaller gland at apical pair of leaflets. Pinnae 3–10-jugate with glabrous or appressed-puberulous axes, to 35 cm long; leaflets 5–20-jugate, inequilaterally oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acute, 8–21 mm long, 2–5 mm wide, glabrous or margin ±ciliolate. Inflorescences 1–3 in leaf axils or several arranged in terminal raceme, capitate; peduncles 20–65 mm long, glabrous or appressed-puberulous; heads globular, 10–20 mm diam., whitish, greenish white, cream or pale yellow. Flowers sessile; calyx lobes puberulous or only ciliolate; petals free, glabrous or appressed-puberulous. Pods narrowly oblong to broadly linear, flat, 8–22.5 cm long, 15–27 mm wide, brown when mature, glabrous throughout or only thickened margins puberulous. Seeds flat, oval to obovate, 6–9 mm long, 3–4.5 mm wide, glossy brown.
Unarmed shrub or small tree, up to 4 m high; branchlets densely grey-puberulous. Leaves dark green, often grey-puberulous; glands at junction of lowest pair of pinnae. Pinnae in (2)3-8 opposite pairs. Leaflets 7-20 pairs, 7-15 mm long, obliquely oblong-lanceolate, acute apically. Inflorescences globose heads up to 18 mm in diam., borne singly or in groups of 2 or 3 in leaf axils at branch ends. Flowers white or pale yellow. Anthers hairy, distinguishing it from all other Mimosoideae in sthn Afr. Flowering time July-Mar. Pod brown, 110-180 mm long, ± straight, compressed, in distinctive clusters.
A small erect tree. It grows to 6-10 m high. It has fine divided leaves. The leaves have 2 rows of leaflets. The leaves are 15 to 25 cm long and the leaflets 8 to 16 cm long. They are a dark dull green on top and dull greyish green underneath. The flowers are white and in round heads. They are in the axils of leaves or on the ends of branches. The pods are flat and 10-15 cm long and 1.8 cm wide with 15-25 seeds inside. It has shiny brown seeds. There are 3 subspecies.
Leaves: petiole 2-4·7 cm. long, often with a gland at the junction of the lowest pair of pinnae, glands otherwise absent; rhachis (2·5)7-15 cm. long; pinnae (2)3-8 pairs, opposite; leaflets (5)7-17(21) pairs, 7-18 x 1·5-5 mm., obliquely oblong-lanceolate, acute at the apex, puberulous on the margins and sometimes also on the midrib beneath.
Shrub or small tree 0·6-9 m. high; young branchlets densely grey-puberulous.
Pods 8-18 x (1·4)1·8-2·1 cm., with a stipe up to 3 cm. long.
Petals 4-5·25 mm. long, puberulous above outside.
Stamen-filaments 6·5-7·5 mm. long; anthers hairy.
Calyx 2-3·5 mm. long, puberulous above outside.
Seeds 7·5-9 x 4-5 mm., elliptic to obovate.
Heads of flowers white to cream.
Peduncles 2·5 cm. long.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 6.0 - 7.55
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.8
Root diameter (meter) 0.5
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It is introduced and common at low and medium altitudes throughout the tropics. It is widespread from sea level up to about 1700 m altitude in the tropics. It is often used as shade for coffee. It is drought resistant. It grows in the Sahel. It can grow on dry and poor soils. It can tolerate salt. It needs well drained soil and full sun. In Nepal it grows to 1400 m altitude. It can grow in arid places. It suits hardiness zones 10-12. In Yunnan.
More
A ruderal weed of disturbed sites including roadsides, waste ground, areas of human activity, along the coastal fringe, including mangrove edges and frequently on and around Mayan ruins; at elevations up to 2,100 metres.
Light 7-8
Soil humidity 2-4
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses Extensively cultivated especially in areas with a tropical seasonal climate [Burkill, Diet. Econ. Prod. (1935) 135]. Cultivated as a cover-crop for control of soil erosion in the Philippines. The best development is found in well-drained, fertile soils, improved by adding calciumcarbonate to the soil [5-10 tons/acre; Hill Papua New Guinean Agric. J. 22 1971 69 ]. Widely used and recommended as food for beef cattle, dairy cows, water buffalo and goats. Because of a non protein amino acid, mimosine (c. 5% of the protein content), in the leaves, the Leucaena part of the diet must never exceed ⅓. Mimosine in larger amounts inhibits the production of thyroxine, and causes goitre.Wood medium hard, used for paper pulp, plywood, poles etc., also as fuel wood and charcoal. Used for soil improvement, reafforestation, as shade plants and nurse crop for a wide range of tropical trees and crops (e.g. coffee, cocoa, tea, cinchona, mangosteen, citrus, pepper, vanilla, seedlings of teak and other forestry species, rubber, coconut and oil palm). Young leaves, flowers and fruits are used in cooking. Seeds can be used as a substitute for coffee. The bark produces a brown dye, used for fishing-nets. For further details see Anonymus Leucaena: Promising forage and tree crop for the tropics U.S. Nat. Acad. Sc. 1977 115 Anonymus Tropical legumes, Resources for the future U.S. Nat. Acad. Sc. 1979 131 .
More
The mature seeds are toasted and ground and used as a coffee substitute. They are also added to stews. The young leaves are sometimes used as a vegetable. The leaves can be eaten in small amounts. The tender pods and shoots are cooked as a vegetable. They are used in curries. CAUTION The leaves contain a chemical (mimosine) which causes hair to fall out.
Has been cultivated for fodder.
Uses animal food charcoal coffee substitute cosmetics dye environmental use erosion control fiber fodder food forage fuel gene source gum hedge invertebrate food manure material medicinal oil ornamental pharmaceutical industry poison shade social use support tea timber windbreak wood
Edible flowers fruits leaves pods seeds
Therapeutic use Pain (bark), Wound healing (bark), Gastric acid (flower), Anthelmintics (fruit), Diabetes mellitus (leaf), Thyroid diseases (leaf), Anemia, hemolytic (seed), Anti-bacterial agents (seed), Appetite stimulants (seed), Hypercholesterolemia (seed), Hypoglycemic agents (seed), Anthelmintics (stem), Carminative (unspecified), Coffee (unspecified), Depilatory (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Lung (unspecified), Pertussis (unspecified), Piscicide (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Typhoid (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Abortifacient (unspecified), Antifungal agents (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It grows easily from seeds. It also regrows from cut stumps and it can be grown from cuttings. Plants are hard to eliminate and can become a weed problem in dry areas.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 20 - 32
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Leucaena leucocephala habit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Leucaena leucocephala habit picture by Mel Mun (cc-by-sa)
Leucaena leucocephala habit picture by pedrogc -- (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Leucaena leucocephala leaf picture by J. Champ (cc-by-sa)
Leucaena leucocephala leaf picture by J. Champ (cc-by-sa)
Leucaena leucocephala leaf picture by J. Champ (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Leucaena leucocephala flower picture by T Nesan (cc-by-sa)
Leucaena leucocephala flower picture by J. Champ (cc-by-sa)
Leucaena leucocephala flower picture by J. Champ (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Leucaena leucocephala fruit picture by J. Champ (cc-by-sa)
Leucaena leucocephala fruit picture by J. Champ (cc-by-sa)
Leucaena leucocephala fruit picture by J. Champ (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Leucaena leucocephala world distribution map, present in Angola, Argentina, American Samoa, Australia, Burundi, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Bhutan, Chile, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Colombia, Comoros, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Fiji, Guernsey, Ghana, Guinea, Guadeloupe, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guam, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Iraq, Jamaica, Kenya, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Liberia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Maldives, Mexico, Mali, Mozambique, Mauritius, Malawi, Malaysia, Niger, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Nepal, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Paraguay, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Senegal, Singapore, Sierra Leone, El Salvador, Somalia, Suriname, Seychelles, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Vanuatu, Yemen, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:138955-2
WFO ID wfo-0000164084
COL ID 724CH
BDTFX ID 120806
INPN ID 447354
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Leucaena leucocephala Mimosa leucocephala Acacia leucocephala Leucaena glabra

Lower taxons

Leucaena leucocephala subsp. leucocephala Leucaena leucocephala subsp. glabrata Leucaena leucocephala subsp. glabrata