Ligustrum sinense Lour.

Chinese privet (en), Troène (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Oleaceae > Ligustrum

Characteristics

Much branched shrubs to 5 m tall; twigs terete, tomentose with short, weak, simple hairs, the older twigs with prominent, white lenticels. Leaves opposite, simple, entire, elliptical or ovate, to 6 cm long, apically obtuse, acute, or rounded, mucronulate, basally obtuse, the midvein impressed above, elevated and promi-nent beneath, the lateral veins 5-7 on each side, often obscure above, glabrous on both sides except on the major veins and a few hairs on the lower margins, often drying darker above, minutely glandular-punctate beneath; petiole 2-4 mm long, canaliculate, pubescent. Inflorescences terminal, spikelike, many-flowered pani-cles, to 7 cm long, the branching alternate; peduncles short, angled, pilose, bracte-ate; pedicels 1-2 mm long, flattened with sharp angles, glabrous, subtended by minute, cuculate, glabrous scalelike bractlets. Flowers odorous; calyx cupular, glabrous, ca. 1.5 mm tall, the apex sinuate-dentate; corolla white, sometimes dry-ing purplish, ca. 5 mm long, campanulate, lobed about halfway, the tube expand-ing upwards, the lobes 4, valvate, obtuse; stamens 2, the filaments inserted at the top of the tube, opposite one another and alternate with the corolla lobes, the filaments exserted, glabrous, the anthers oblong, apiculate; style branches fusi-form, slightly exserted, the style and ovary glabrous. Fruits black, baccate drupes ca. 5 mm across, elliptical.
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Shrub or small tree to c. 5 m high, evergreen, or semi-deciduous in cold districts. Shoots densely hairy. Petioles to 5 mm long, hairy. Lamina 2.5-6-(7) × 1.25-2.5-(3.5) cm, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, dull green above, hairy on midrib beneath and usually above in lower part, ciliolate when young; base broad-cuneate; apex usually obtuse. Panicles to c. 10 cm long, rather loose; branches densely hairy, somewhat flattened, ± angular; pedicels short. Bracts and bracteoles linear to oblong, caducous. Fls very fragrant. Calyx 1-2 mm long, glabrous or nearly so; lobes very shallow. Corolla white; tube 1.5-2 mm long, slightly > calyx; lobes c. 3-(3.5) mm long, elliptic-ovate, spreading, subacute. Stamens = or slightly < corolla lobes; anthers pinkish mauve or purple. Style exserted. Fr. 4-6 mm diam., globose or subglobose, dull black or purplish black. Seed 3-4 mm long, oblong, shallowly grooved.
Shrubs or small trees 2-4(-7) m, deciduous. Branchlets terete, villous, pubescent, pilose, puberulent, to glabrescent. Petiole 2-8 mm; leaf blade ovate, oblong, elliptic to lanceolate, or suborbicular, 2-7(-13) × 1-3(-5.5) cm, densely villous to sparsely pubescent or glabrous, papery to somewhat leathery, base cuneate to subrounded, apex acute to acuminate, sometimes obtuse and retuse; primary veins 4-6(or 7) on each side of midrib, impressed or plane adaxially, somewhat raised abaxially. Panicles terminal or axillary, 4-11 × 3-8 cm, with or without leaf at base. Pedicel 1-5 mm. Calyx 1-1.5 mm, glabrous or pubescent. Corolla 3.5-5.5 mm; tube slightly shorter than lobes. Stamens reaching apex of corolla lobes or exceeding that; anthers ca. 1 mm. Fruit subglobose, 5-8 mm in diam.
Deciduous or semi-evergreen shrub, 3-6 m high; shoots densely downy. Leaves mid-to dark green, sometimes variegated to yellow, ovate-elliptic, up to 80 mm long, midrib hairy on lower surface. Inflorescences: terminal panicles up to 100 mm long, heavily scented. Flowers white, 3-5 mm long, stalked. Flowering time Oct.-Feb. Fruit shiny, black berries.
A shrub or small tree. It grows 5 m tall. The small branches are hairy. The leaves are opposite and simple. They are oval. The flowers are in spike like groups at the ends of branches. The flowers are white and have a scent. The fruit is fleshy and black. It is oval.
Shrub or small tree, 3.5-6.0 m high. Young branches tomentellous. Leaves oval, 25-70 mm long, hairy on midvein. Flowers in loose, upright panicles; white.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.0
Mature height (meter) 3.0 - 4.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Thin woods and thickets in lowland and hills all over Japan. Mixed forests, valleys, along streams, thickets, woods, ravines; at elevations from 200-2,600 metres.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows in damp gullies and wet oak forests. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 1,200 m above sea level.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 5-8
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The fruit are used in brewing liquor.
Uses environmental use material medicinal
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds.
Mode cuttings seedlings suckers
Germination duration (days) 7
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -18
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Ligustrum sinense habit picture by full_spectrum (cc-by-sa)
Ligustrum sinense habit picture by Manuëlle (cc-by-sa)
Ligustrum sinense habit picture by gabriella.g (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Ligustrum sinense leaf picture by jack (cc-by-sa)
Ligustrum sinense leaf picture by Marcone (cc-by-sa)
Ligustrum sinense leaf picture by Farina Stefano (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Ligustrum sinense flower picture by Bruce Winter (cc-by-sa)
Ligustrum sinense flower picture by jack (cc-by-sa)
Ligustrum sinense flower picture by Marco Mai (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Ligustrum sinense fruit picture by Katie Russell (cc-by-sa)
Ligustrum sinense fruit picture by plmilano (cc-by-sa)
Ligustrum sinense fruit picture by giuste orani (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Ligustrum sinense world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Andorra, Brazil, China, Costa Rica, Spain, Honduras, Italy, Norfolk Island, New Zealand, Panama, Réunion, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, Viet Nam, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:610100-1
WFO ID wfo-0000815924
COL ID 6PZ45
BDTFX ID 120940
INPN ID 630038
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Ligustrum chinense Olea rigida Olea microcarpa Ligustrum shakaroense Ligustrum nokoensis Ligustrum sinense var. villosum Ligustrum sinense var. stauntonii Ligustrum sinense var. nitidum Ligustrum microcarpum var. shakaroense Ligustrum sinense

Lower taxons

Ligustrum sinense var. coryanum Ligustrum sinense var. myrianthum Ligustrum sinense var. sinense Ligustrum sinense var. chayuense Ligustrum sinense var. luodianense Ligustrum sinense var. concavum Ligustrum sinense var. dissimile