Lilium formosanum A.Wallace

Formosa lily (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Liliales > Liliaceae > Lilium

Characteristics

Perennial geophyte, 1.0-2.5 m high; bulbs scaly, roots thick; stems erect, simple, purplish brown towards base. Leaves scattered, crowded basally, linear to narrowly oblong, glabrous, margins recurved. Flowers ascending, 1 or 2(-10), funnel-shaped, borne horizontally; pedicels 50-150 mm long. Perianth: segments 120-200 mm long, flushed reddish purple outside, white inside, apex recurved, outer 25-30 mm wide, inner up to 50 mm wide; nectar guides green. Stamens: filaments glabrous, free, filiform above, papillose towards base; anthers 9 mm long, yellow to purplish; pollen yellow. Ovary superior, biseriate; style terete, 80-120 mm long; stigma deeply 3-lobed. Flowering time Jan.-Mar. Fruit 70-90 mm long capsules. Seeds disc-shaped, papery.
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Bulb subglobose or broadly ellipsoid, 2--4 cm in diam.; scales white or tinged yellow, lanceolate-ovate to lanceolate. Stem sometimes tinged purple-red, 20--55 cm, smooth or papillose. Leaves scattered, linear or narrowly lanceolate, 2.5--15 cm × 4--13 mm. Flowers solitary or sometimes several in a subumbel, fragrant, funnelform, with a slender tube gradually expanding toward apex. Tepals white, tinged purple-red abaxially; outer ones oblanceolate, 11.5--14.5 × 2.1--2.3 cm; inner ones spatulate, to 3 cm wide; nectaries green, rarely indistinctly papillose on both surfaces. Filaments ca. 10 cm, with minute protuberances near base. Style ca. 6.5 cm. Capsule 7--9 × ca. 2 cm. Fl. and fr. Jun--Dec.
Perennial herb; bulb scales thickened, lanceolate. Stem annual, erect, slender, usually 0.5–2 m tall, glabrous. Leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate to linear, to 15 cm long, usually 0.5–1 cm wide, smaller towards inflorescence. Flowers terminal, 1–8, horizontal to slightly ascending, fragrant; pedicels 5–15 mm long. Perianth segments oblanceolate, to 15 cm long, white with dull mauve median line. Stamens c. 10 cm long; anthers cylindrical, 8–10 mm long, yellow or yellow-purple. Ovary 3–3.5 cm long; style slender, 7–8 cm long; stigma 3-fid, yellow-white or green-white. Capsule cylindrical, 5–8 cm long. [See also Green (1994: 513).]
A bulb plant. The bulb is almost round and 2-4 cm across. The scales are white or tinged yellow. The stem is 20-55 cm tall. It is sometimes tinged purple-red. The leaves are scattered. They are narrow and sword shaped. The leaf blade is 2.5-15 cm long by 4-13 mm wide. The flowers can occur singly or as several in a group. They have a scent. They are white tinged with purple-red. Each flower can produce hundreds are small seeds.
Stem c. 75 cm × 8 mm, glabrous, Purple below, green above, rooting freely at ground-level and for some distance below. Leaves many, sessile, narrow-linear, c. 13 cm × 3-4 mm, dark green, ± shining. Flowers 1-2-(3), 15-18 cm long, borne horizontally, white inside, tinged purple on outside. Capsule not seen.
Geophyte, up to 2 m high. Leaves alternate, many, linear, up to 160 mm long. Flowers solitary, paired or 3-10 in an umbel, funnelform, white inside, suffused wine-purple outside. Flowers white.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.15 - 0.25
Mature height (meter) 0.5 - 0.78
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A temperate and subtropical plant. It grows on grassy slopes near sea shores and occurs between sea level and 3500 m in Taiwan. It suits hardiness zones 5-11.
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Seashores and open grassland in sandy or volcanic soils from sea level to 3,500 metres.
Established in disturbed areas, usually in friable soils.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 3-5
Soil acidity 3-5
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The flowers, bulbs, leaves and stems are eaten.
Uses environmental use medicinal
Edible bulbs flowers leaves roots tubers
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed. It can also be grown from small bulbs.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -10
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Lilium formosanum leaf picture by 道草 (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Lilium formosanum flower picture by 道草 (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Lilium formosanum world distribution map, present in Australia, Brazil, China, Japan, Kenya, Norfolk Island, New Zealand, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, United States of America, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60467143-2
WFO ID wfo-0000753764
COL ID 6PYDV
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Lilium formosanum Lilium zairei Lilium longiflorum var. formosanum Lilium philippinense var. formosanum Lilium formosanum var. pricei Lilium philippinense var. formosanum

Lower taxons

Lilium formosanum var. formosanum Lilium formosanum var. microphyllum