Linum perenne L.

Perennial flax (en), Lin (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Linaceae > Linum

Characteristics

Herbs, perennial, 20–100 cm, glabrous. Stems ascending or erect, usually unbranched. Leaves: blade linear or linear-lanceolate, 5–20 × 1–3 mm. Inflorescences much-branched panicles. Pedicels spreading, 5–25 mm. Flowers heterostylous; inner sepals ovate-lanceolate or ovate, 4.5–5.5 mm, margins glabrous, apex obtuse, outer ones lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 3.5–4.5 mm, narrower than inner ones, margins glabrous, apex acute or acuminate; petals blue, obovate or obovate-lanceolate, 10–25 mm; stamens 5 mm, anthers 2 mm (long-styled morph) or stamens 6.5 mm, anthers 1.8 mm (short-styled morph); styles distinct, 8 mm (long-styled morph) or 2.5 mm (short-styled morph); stigmas capitate. Capsules subglobose, 5–7 mm diam., apex acute to obtuse, segments persistent on plant, margins ciliate or not. Seeds 3–4.2 × 1.7–2 mm. 2n = 18.
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Perennials 20-90 cm tall. Taproot sturdy. Stems erect or ascendant, branched from base, woody at base. Leaves alternate, linear to linear-lanceolate, 2-4 cm × 1-5 mm, 1(or 3)-veined from base, base attenuate, apex acute. Flowers numerous, in racemose cymes, ca. 2 cm in diam., heterostylous. Pedicel 1-2.5 cm, erect or slightly excurved. Sepals ovate, 3.5-5 mm, 5-or 7-veined, margin entire; outer 3 sepals with apex acute; inner 2 sepals with apex obtuse. Petals blue to bluish purple, obovate, 1-1.8 cm. Styles distinct; stigma capitate. Capsule subglobose, 3.5-8 mm in diam., septicidal. Seeds brown, elliptic, flattened, 3.5-4 × ca. 2 mm. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 18.
Perennial, 3–7 dm, the stems mostly clustered; lvs erect, very numerous, linear, 1–3 cm, 1-nerved, or obscurely 3-nerved at base; fls heterostylic; sep ovate, 5–7 mm, obtuse and minutely mucronate, entire; pet blue, 12–23 mm; staminodes subulate or tooth-like, 1 mm; stigmas ellipsoid-capitate; fr 5–9 mm, ovoid-globose, scarcely beaked, the 10 segments acute or shortly acuminate; false septa incomplete, long-ciliate; 2n=18. Native of Europe, occasionally intr. in disturbed habitats in our range, as in Wis. and Mich., where it has been mistaken for the closely allied homostylic cordilleran sp. L. lewisii Pursh. May–July.
A tufted low herb. It grows 30-45 cm tall and spreads 30 cm wide. The leaves are 1-3 mm wide. The flowers are blue. The petals are 3-4 times longer than the sepals. They are 25 mm across.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.13 - 0.4
Mature height (meter) 0.25 - 0.55
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A temperate plant. It grows in dry grassy locations. In Pakistan it grows in dry inner ranges between 2,300-4,000 m altitude. It suits hardiness zones 4-9.
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Calcareous grassland. Prairies to alpine ridges, usually on dry well-drained soils in Western N. America.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-9

Usage

The seeds are roasted and then dried and ground and eaten. They are high in oil and flavour other foods. CAUTION The seeds should not be eaten raw as they contain cyanide. This is destroyed on cooking.
Uses fiber gene source medicinal oil ornamental
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use Emollients (seed), Cyanogenetic (unspecified), Emollient (unspecified), Psoriasis (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Sore (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. They can also be grown from cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) 20
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Linum perenne habit picture by Kerstin Kerstin (cc-by-sa)
Linum perenne habit picture by agathaha (cc-by-sa)
Linum perenne habit picture by Kerstin Kerstin (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Linum perenne leaf picture by Michael Ochse (cc-by-sa)
Linum perenne leaf picture by Michael Ochse (cc-by-sa)
Linum perenne leaf picture by agathaha (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Linum perenne flower picture by Vörös László (cc-by-sa)
Linum perenne flower picture by Joergen Banz (cc-by-sa)
Linum perenne flower picture by Markus Ertmer (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Linum perenne fruit picture by manuseitz (cc-by-sa)
Linum perenne fruit picture by Bernhard Betz (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Linum perenne world distribution map, present in Canada, China, India, Liberia, Pakistan, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:544634-1
WFO ID wfo-0000363378
COL ID 3V4WB
BDTFX ID 103269
INPN ID 611066
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Linum alpestre Adenolinum perenne Adenolinum sibiricum Linum brevisepalum Linum sibiricum Linum decurrens Linum elatum Linum lyallanum Linum perenne var. perenne Linum perenne

Lower taxons

Linum perenne subsp. anglicum Linum perenne var. saxosum