Liriodendron tulipifera L.

Tulip poplar (en), Tulipier de Virginie (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Magnoliales > Magnoliaceae > Liriodendron

Characteristics

Trees , single-trunked, to 45 m. Bark light gray, thick, deeply furrowed. Stipules paired, light green, elliptic to oblanceolate, 20-45mm; petiole 5-11.5 cm. Leaf blade commonly with 2 shallow upper lobes and 2 lateral lobes at broadest part, or sometimes squarrose and barely lobed, (6.5-)7.5-15(-23.5) × (8.5-)12.5-18.5(-25.5) cm; surfaces abaxially glaucous, adaxially bright green. Flowers campanulate; spathaceous bract 1, brownish, notched; tepals erect, adaxial orange blotch sometimes gummy, outermost tepals green to glaucous; stamens 20-50, 40-50 mm; filaments white; pistils 60-100. Samaracetums 4.5-8.5 cm, with numerous (1-)2-seeded, imbricate samaras 3-5.5 × 0.5-1 cm, falling separately at maturity; receptacles with basal pistil persistent. Seeds (1-)2. 2 n =38.
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It is a large tree. It loses its leaves during winter. It grows 25-35-60 m tall. The trunk is 1 m across. The young bark is smooth but later develops rough ridges. The leaves are alternate and simple. The leaves have four lobes. They are 7-12 cm long. The leaves are dark green. They have shallow notches at the tip. They turn yellow in autumn. The flowers are tulip-shaped and pale green. They are 5 cm across. The fruit are winged and 3-5 cm long. They are spindle shaped and look like a bud. It breaks up into winged seeds.
Sturdy tree to 60 m; lvs long-petioled, 8–14 cm long and about as wide, broadly retuse; fls solitary at the ends of the branches; sep pale green; pet 4–5 cm, greenish-yellow, with a large basal orange blotch within; frs narrow and elongate, 3–4 cm; 2n=38. Rich woods; Vt. to s. Mich., s. Ill., and se. Mo., s. to Fla. and La., often cult. May, June.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 6.5
Mature height (meter) 30.0 - 36.6
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) 0.8
Root diameter (meter) 0.8
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It is native to E. North America. It grows on deep, rich moist soils along streams and near swamps. It cannot tolerate shade. It suits hardiness zones 4-10. Horsham Botanical Gardens. Burnie Rhodo gardens. Hobart Botanical Gardens. Arboretum Tasmania.
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Deep rich rather moist soils on mountain slopes and by streams. Rich woodlands, bluffs, low mountains, and hills from sea level to 1500 metres.
Light 5-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 2-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The root is used to prepare a liquor. It removes the bitternes of spruce beer and adds a lemon flavour.
Uses dye environmental use fiber material medicinal timber wood
Edible barks flowers leaves roots
Therapeutic use Anthelmintic (bark), Antidiarrheal (bark), Antirheumatic (Internal) (bark), Cough Medicine (bark), Febrifuge (bark), Gastrointestinal Aid (bark), Misc. Disease Remedy (bark), Pediatric Aid (bark), Poultice (bark), Love Medicine (bark), Stimulant (bark), Antipyretics (bark), Antirheumatic agents (bark), Dyspepsia (bark), Malaria (bark), Diaphoretic (bark), Analgesic (leaf), Anti-bacterial agents (leaf), Febrifuge (root), Poultice (root), Antipyretics (root), Antirheumatic agents (root), Dyspepsia (root), Malaria (root), Diaphoretic (root), Antipyretics (stem), Antirheumatic agents (stem), Dyspepsia (stem), Malaria (stem), Diaphoretic (stem), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Gastrointestinal Aid (unspecified), Orthopedic Aid (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Snake Bite Remedy (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Headache (unspecified), Cyanogenetic (unspecified), Diaphoretic (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Poultice (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Scald (unspecified), Burn (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Antitubercular agents (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings, graftings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings graftings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 60 - 365
Germination temperacture (C°) 11 - 13
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -23
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Liriodendron tulipifera habit picture by Eli Small (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Liriodendron tulipifera leaf picture by vmdoniel (cc-by-sa)
Liriodendron tulipifera leaf picture by Maira Martínez (cc-by-sa)
Liriodendron tulipifera leaf picture by Adam Barker (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Liriodendron tulipifera flower picture by Sonseeharay Roberson (cc-by-sa)
Liriodendron tulipifera flower picture by Marie Morris (cc-by-sa)
Liriodendron tulipifera flower picture by Jillian Owens (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Liriodendron tulipifera fruit picture by Katy Palatianos (cc-by-sa)
Liriodendron tulipifera fruit picture by Matthias Foellmer (cc-by-sa)
Liriodendron tulipifera fruit picture by Pnut Hed (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Liriodendron tulipifera world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Canada, France, Micronesia (Federated States of), Georgia, Malaysia, Nicaragua, and United States of America

Conservation status

Liriodendron tulipifera threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30197364-2
WFO ID wfo-0000229261
COL ID 3VCGS
BDTFX ID 39505
INPN ID 106365
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Liriodendron fastigiatum Liriodendron truncatifolium Liriodendron tulipifera Liriodendron procerum Tulipifera liriodendrum Liriodendron tulipifera subsp. integrifolium Liriodendron tulipifera subsp. obtusilobum Liriodendron tulipifera var. acutilobum Liriodendron tulipifera var. obtusilobum Liriodendron tulipifera var. integrifolium Liriodendron tulipifera var. pyramidale Liriodendron tulipifera var. variegatum Liriodendron tulipifera var. flava Liriodendron tulipifera f. heterophyllum