Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B.Rob.

Indian laurel (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Laurales > Lauraceae > Litsea

Characteristics

Tree to 12 m high. Stem usually not buttressed. Twigs terete, pubescent, with tortuous, erect and appressed hairs. Leaves: lamina elliptic, 7–28.5 cm long, 3–18.5 cm wide; underside green, with tortuous, erect hairs, sometimes glabrescent at maturity; primary veins 6–13 pairs. Inflorescence a compound umbel or raceme of umbels; umbel peduncle 5–24 mm long. Flowers 6–14 per umbel, cream, greenish, yellowish, perfumed. Male flowers: pedicel + perianth tube 2–6.5 mm long; tepals 0–4, 2–2.9 mm long, 0.3–1.5 mm wide; stamens 8–20; anthers 0.9–1.5 mm long, 0.7–1.2 mm wide; outer filaments 1.5–3.5 mm long; inner filaments slightly shorter; staminodes sometimes present; glands 5–10, stalked, but not attached to anther filaments; pistillode usually present. Female flowers: pedicel + perianth tube 1.7–3.2 mm long; tepals 0–6, sometimes difficult to distinguish from staminodes; staminodes 9–16, ± differentiated; glands on staminodes 3–10, without any obvious attachment to filaments; ovary 0.8–1.8 mm long, 0.7–1.2 mm wide, glabrous; style glabrous. Fruit globular, 8.5–10 mm long, 8.5–11 mm wide, black; receptacle ± flat. Cotyledons cream.
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Evergreen or deciduous trees, 3-15 m tall. Young branchlets gray-yellow tomentose. Leaves alternate; petiole 1-2.6 cm, gray-yellow tomentose; leaf blade obovate, obovate-oblong, or elliptic-lanceolate, 3.5-10(-26) × 1.5-11 cm, tomentose on both surfaces when young, tomentose or subglabrous abaxially and only midrib slightly tomentose adaxially when old, pinninerved, lateral veins 5-12 pairs, base cuneate, obtuse, or rotund, apex obtuse or rounded. Umbels solitary or several on short branchlets, few flowered; short branchlets 2-4 cm or more; peduncle 1-1.5 cm. Male flowers: pedicel tomentose; perianth segments imperfect or lacking; fertile stamens often 15 or more; filaments pubescent, of 3rd each with 2 long stipitate glands at base; rudimentary pistil glabrous. Fruit globose, 5-7 mm in diam.; fruiting pedicel 3-6 mm, slightly thickened at apex. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct.
A tall shrub or small tree. It grows 6-10 m high and 3-5 m across. The young growth is sticky. The leaves are 7-28 cm long by 3-18 cm wide. They are dark green above and paler with white hairs underneath. They are leathery and taper to the tip. The flower groups are 1-4 cm long. There are 6-14 flowers clustered in the axils of the leaves. The flowers are 0.4 cm across and cream or green. They have a scent. The fleshy fruit is 0.8-1 cm long by 0.8-1.1 cm wide. The are black.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 12.0 - 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Usually grows in open forest, monsoonal forest and gallery forest, occasionally found in rainforest. Grows in soils derived from a variety of rock types; from sea level to 600 m alt.
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It is a tropical plant. It northern Australia it grows from sea level to 600 m altitude. They need well drained soil and slight shade. It grows in coastal areas. In XTBG Yunnan.
Forest margins, streamsides, sparse forests or thickets at elevations of 500-1,900 metres. Mixed primary and secondary forest and thickets.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The sweet pulp under the red skin is eaten.
Uses animal food construction eating environmental use essential oil fiber fodder food forage fuel material medicinal oil soap timber wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Parasympatholytics (leaf), Parasympatholytics (aerial part), Abortifacient agents (bark), Analgesics (bark), Anthelmintics (bark), Antidotes (bark), Antirheumatic agents (bark), Aphrodisiacs (bark), Astringents (bark), Bites and stings (bark), Contusions (bark), Demulcents (bark), Diarrhea (bark), Disinfectants (bark), Dysentery (bark), Emetics (bark), Emollients (bark), Filariasis (bark), Fractures, bone (bark), Furunculosis (bark), Hemostasis (bark), Hemostatics (bark), Leukorrhea (bark), Orchitis (bark), Pain (bark), Parasympatholytics (bark), Snake bites (bark), Sprains and strains (bark), Stomach diseases (bark), Vomiting (bark), Wounds and injuries (bark), Sexual debility (bark), Contusions (flower), Emollients (flower), Parasympatholytics (flower), Wounds and injuries (flower), Abortifacient agents (fruit), Analgesics (fruit), Antidotes (fruit), Antirheumatic agents (fruit), Aphrodisiacs (fruit), Astringents (fruit), Central nervous system diseases (fruit), Contusions (fruit), Demulcents (fruit), Emetics (fruit), Emollients (fruit), Fractures, bone (fruit), Gastrointestinal diseases (fruit), Hypertension (fruit), Parasympatholytics (fruit), Analgesics (leaf), Antidotes (leaf), Anti-infective agents, local (leaf), Antirheumatic agents (leaf), Aphrodisiacs (leaf), Astringents (leaf), Bites and stings (leaf), Common cold (leaf), Contusions (leaf), Cough (leaf), Demulcents (leaf), Diabetes mellitus (leaf), Diarrhea (leaf), Dysentery (leaf), Emetics (leaf), Emollients (leaf), Fractures, bone (leaf), Furunculosis (leaf), Liver diseases (leaf), Nervous system diseases (leaf), Sprains and strains (leaf), Stomach diseases (leaf), Stomach ulcer (leaf), Urologic diseases (leaf), Wounds and injuries (leaf), Astringents (root), Menstruation-inducing agents (root), General tonic for rejuvenation (root), Fractures, bone (stem), Astringent (unspecified), Boil (unspecified), Candlenut (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Analgesics (unspecified), Anti-bacterial agents (unspecified), Antifungal agents (unspecified), Contusions (unspecified), Fractures, bone (unspecified), Gout (unspecified), Pain (unspecified), Scorpion stings (unspecified), Snake bites (unspecified), Sprains and strains (unspecified), Wounds and injuries (unspecified), Antifungal agents (whole plant), Antirheumatic agents (whole plant), Parasympatholytics (whole plant excluding root), Appetite stimulants (wood), Colic (wood), Diarrhea (wood), Hemorrhage (wood), Inflammation (wood)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from fresh seed. The seed are slow to germinate. This may take 6 months.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Litsea glutinosa habit picture by Rudy BANOR (cc-by-sa)
Litsea glutinosa habit picture by Schnittler Martin (cc-by-sa)
Litsea glutinosa habit picture by S. Dufour-Kowalski (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Litsea glutinosa leaf picture by nathalie hegly (cc-by-sa)
Litsea glutinosa leaf picture by Rudy BANOR (cc-by-sa)
Litsea glutinosa leaf picture by claude Marodon (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Litsea glutinosa flower picture by nathalie hegly (cc-by-sa)
Litsea glutinosa flower picture by Abajee Giani (cc-by-sa)
Litsea glutinosa flower picture by Abajee Giani (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Litsea glutinosa fruit picture by nicolas hoareau (cc-by-sa)
Litsea glutinosa fruit picture by Schnittler Martin (cc-by-sa)
Litsea glutinosa fruit picture by Marc Thomas (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Litsea glutinosa world distribution map, present in Australia, Bhutan, China, Indonesia, India, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Réunion, Seychelles, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Viet Nam, and South Africa

Conservation status

Litsea glutinosa threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:465709-1
WFO ID wfo-0000365695
COL ID 3VN58
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 656475
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Litsea multiflora Malapoenna macrantha Tetranthera glabraria Tetranthera fruticosa Polyadenia grandifolia Litsea geminata Litsea platyphylla Litsea sebifera Tetranthera multiflora Tomex sebifera Tetranthera apetala Tetranthera citrifolia Tetranthera geminata Tetranthera sebifera Tetranthera platyphylla Pipalia solitaria Cylicodaphne sebifera Dodecadenia robusta Litsea laurifolia Tetranthera litoralis Litsea apetala Litsea baracatanensis Litsea chinensis Sebifera glutinosa Camellia integrifolia Decapenta involucrata Glabraria litoralis Litsea involucrata Lepidadenia wightiana Tetranthera roxburghii Tetranthera laurifolia Litsea glutinosa var. glutinosa Litsea involucrata var. fernandezii Litsea glutinosa

Lower taxons

Litsea glutinosa var. brideliifolia