Lotus corniculatus L.

Common bird's-foot-trefoil (en), Lotier corniculé (fr), Sabot-de-la-mariée (fr), Pied-de-poule (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Lotus

Characteristics

Herbs, perennial, 15-80 cm, with a taproot, scattered sparsely white puberulent or glabrescent. Stem cylindric to angular, solid, decumbent or ascending. Leaflets 5, apical 3 obo­vate to oblanceolate-obovate (lateral 2 oblique), 5-20 × 4-10 mm, papery, basal 2 stipulelike, midrib obscure. Umbels rarely more than 7-flowered; peduncle 3-10 cm; sterile bract with 1-3 leaflets, ± equal to calyx, 5-7 mm. Flowers (9-)10-18 mm. Ca­lyx teeth almost equal in length, narrowly triangular, ± equaling, longer than, or shorter than tube. Corolla yellow or partly or wholly orange-red, often bluish black when dry. Ovary gla­brous; ovules 35-40; style 4-6 mm. Legume brown, linear-cy­lindric, 20-25 × 2-4 mm. Seeds light to dark brown, 1-colored or spotted with violet-black spots or dots, small, ovoid, 1-1.7 mm. Fl. (Jan-)Feb-Oct, fr. (Mar-)Apr-Oct.
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Taprooted, usually ± glabrous perennial with prostrate to suberect stems to 6 dm; lvs subsessile, 5-foliolate, the lower pair of lfls evidently removed from the 3 crowded terminal lfls and resembling foliaceous stipules; lfls 5–15 mm, elliptic to oblanceolate, mostly 1.5–2.5 times as long as wide; fls mostly 4–8 together, in long-peduncled, head-like umbels from the upper axils; pedicels 1–3 mm; cal-tube 2.8–3.5 mm; cor mostly 10–16 mm, bright yellow, becoming orange and marked with brick-red; filaments unequal, the 5 longer dilated at the tip; fr 1.5–3.5 cm; 2n=24. Native of Europe, cult. as a forage-crop, and widely established in meadows and disturbed habitats in the U.S., common in our range. June–Aug.
Scarcely stoloniferous perennial; stems ± glabrous, ± solid, procumbent to ascending, woody at base. Lvs ± glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy, sessile; leaflets obovate, acute, cuneate at base, (3)-5-15-(18) mm long, with inconspicuous lateral veins. Peduncles much > lvs, up to 90 mm long. Infl. (1)-2-7-flowered. Calyx ± glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy; calyx teeth ± equal, narrowly triangular, ± = tube. Corolla yellow, 10-15 mm long; keel strongly arched with a fairly long, often somewhat incurved beak. Pod straight, rounded, not winged, 15-35 × 1.5-3 mm; seeds c. 1.5 mm diam.
Perennial herb, erect, up to 0.2 m? high; upright to spreading; ± glabrous. Leaves 5-foliolate; leaf rachis shorter than length of basal leaflets. Leaflets: basal ones ovate, apical leaflets obovate, apex cuspidate, both surfaces glabrous. Inflorescences 1-3-flowered umbels; peduncle 35-50 mm long. Calyx bluish green, glabrous, scarcely hairy at margins; hypanthium purple, ± 2 mm long, tube above insertion of stamens ± 2 mm long; lobes with rounded base, points subulate, ± 3 mm long. Flowering time Jan.?.
A herb which keeps growing from year to year. The stems are trailing or curve upwards. The stems are solid. The leaves have 5 entire blunt leaflets. The flowers heads can have 8 flowers. The flowers are pea-like with yellow petals and a reddish standard. The pods are cylinder shaped and become dark on maturity. They are 15-30 mm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.3 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.4
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) 0.64
Root diameter (meter) 0.4
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Pinus plantations, thickets, scrub, damp meadows, alpine meadows, dry hill pastures, grassy places, rocky slopes, ravines, river valleys, banks, roadsides, abandoned fields, cultivated ground; at elevations from 400-3,400 metres.
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It is a temperate plant. It grows in grassy locations. In Argentina it grows below 500 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 5-8. Tasmania Herbarium.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

Young pods are occasionally nibbled. The flowers yield a light honey. The young shoots are eaten in salads. The leaves are used for tea drinks.
Uses animal food bee plant breeding dye environmental use fodder food forage green manure invertebrate food medicinal pasture poison tea vertebrate poison
Edible nectars pods seeds shoots
Therapeutic use Skin diseases (seed), Carminative (unspecified), Cyanogenetic (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Restorative (unspecified), Thirst (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Nerves (unspecified), Abortifacient agents (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 16 - 19
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 15 - 25
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -