Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H.Raven

Mexican primrose-willow (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Myrtales > Onagraceae > Ludwigia

Characteristics

Usually robust, well-branched herb, sometimes woody at the base, up to 4 m, subglabrous or with sparse or dense appressed or spreading pubescence. Leaves lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, to narrowly ovate, or subovate, 2-14 by 0.5-4 cm, narrowly to broadly cuneate at the base and attenuate at apex; nerves 11-20 pairs, submarginal vein well developed; petiole up to 1 cm. Bracteoles reduced or to 1 mm long. Sepals 4, ovate or lanceolate, 6-15 by 1-7.5 mm. Petals yellow, broadly obovate or cuneate, emarginate, 17 by 2-17 mm. Stamens 8, epipetalous ones shortest; filaments 1-4 mm long; anthers 0.5-4 mm long, extrorse but soon crumbling and shedding pollen directly on the stigma. Pollen shed in tetrads. Disk slightly raised, with a white-hairy sunken nectary surrounding the base of each epipetalous stamen. Style 1.5-3.5 mm; stigma subglobose, shallowly 4-lobed, 1.2-3 mm ø. Capsule thin-walled, 1.7-4.5 cm by 2-8 mm, terete, pale brown with 8 darker ribs, readily and irregularly loculicidal; pedicel up to 10 mm. Seeds pluriseriate in each cell, free, brown, rounded, 0.6-0.75 mm long, 0.5-0.7 mm wide including the inflated raphe which is equal in size to the body of the seed and evenly transversely ridged. Gametic chromosome numbers, n = 16, 24.
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Herbs robust, erect, perennial, sometimes woody at base or even shrubby. Stems 25-400 cm tall, well-branched, densely spreading pubescent at least on upper stem, or puberulous or subglabrous. Petiole 1-10 mm; leaf blade linear to subovate, 1-14 × 0.3-4 cm, lateral veins 11-20 per side, submarginal vein prominent, base narrowly or broadly cuneate, apex attenuate. Sepals 4, ovate or lanceolate, 6-15 mm. Petals yellow, broadly obovate, 6-17 × 5-17 mm. Stamens 8; filaments 1-4 mm; anthers 1.2-4 mm; pollen in tetrads. Style 1.5-3.5 mm; stigma subglobose, shallowly 4-lobed. Capsule pale brown with 8 darker ribs, cylindric, terete, 1.7-4.5 cm, 2-8 mm in diam., thinly walled, readily and irregularly loculicidal; pedicel 1-10 mm. Seeds in 2 or more rows per locule, free, brown, 0.6-0.75 mm, raphe inflated and equal in size to seed body, evenly transversely ridged. Fl. and fr. Jan-Dec. 2n = 32, 48*.
Robust, branching herb to 4 m high, sometimes woody at base, hirsute to subglabrous. Leaves alternate, narrowly linear to subovate, 1–15 cm long, attenuate, cuneate at base; subsessile or with petiole to 2 cm long. Flowers solitary in upper leaf axils; bracteoles often setaceous, on ovary base or upper pedicel, frequently reduced or absent. Sepals 4, obovate to narrowly so. Petals 1–2 cm long, occasionally more, yellow. Stamens 8. Capsule terete, 2–4.5 cm long, readily and irregularly dehiscent. Seeds in each locule in several rows, free.
Robust, well-branched herb, 0.04-4.00 m high; plants densely pubescent to subglabrous. Leaves ovate, 11-20 main veins on each side of midrib. Flowers solitary in leaf axils. Sepals 4; up to 15.0 x 7.5 mm. Petals up to 17 x 17 mm. Stamens 8; pollen shed in tetrads. Fruit a subterete capsule, up to 45 mm long, longitudinally 8-ribbed, pale brown, readily loculicidal; pedicels up to 10 mm long. Seeds up to 0.75 mm long, brown, free; raphe inflated, equal in diam. to body of seed.
A herb or shrub. It grows to 4 m tall. The stems are 4 angled. The leaves are simple and 1-15 cm long by 0.4-4 cm wide. The flower occurs singly in the axils of leaves. The flowers have 4-5 yellow petals. They are 10-20 mm long. The fruit is a capsule. It can be green, red or brown. It is 2-5 cm long by 2-8 mm wide. There are 8 valves. There are several seeds.
Robust well-branched herb or shrub, up to 4 m high, subglabrous or with sparse or dense appressed pubescence. Leaves lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate to narrowly ovate. Stamens twice as many as sepals. Seeds free, not embedded in endocarp, pluriseriate. Flowers yellow.
Seeds 0·6–0·75 × 0·5–0·7 mm., pluriseriate in each locule of the capsule, free, brown, rounded, including the raphe which is equal in size to the body of the seed and evenly transversely ridged.
Leaves 0·7–14·5 × 0·1–4 cm., linear to subovate, narrowly or broadly cuneate at base, the apex attenuate; main veins 11–20 on each side of the midrib; petioles up to 10 mm. long.
Stamens 8, the epipetalous ones shorter; filaments 1–4 mm. long; anthers 0·5–4 mm. long, extrorse but soon crumbling and shedding pollen directly on the stigma.
Capsule 17–45 × 2–8 mm., thin-walled, terete, pale brown with 8 darker ribs, readily and irregularly loculicidal; pedicel up to 10 mm. long.
Softly woody shrub to 4 m, shortly hairy on branches. Leaves linear to lanceolate. Flowers solitary in upper axils, yellow, sepals 4.
Robust well-branched herb, sometimes woody at the base or even shrubby, up to 4 m. tall, subglabrous, puberulent, or densely villous.
Disk slightly raised, with a white-hairy sunken nectary surrounding the base of each epipetalous stamen.
Style 1·5–3·5 mm. long; stigma 1·2–3 mm. across, subglobose, shallowly 4-lobed.
Petals 3–17 × 2–17 mm., broadly obovate or cuneate, emarginate.
Sepals 4, 3–15 × 1–7·5 mm., ovate or lanceolate.
Bracteoles reduced or up to 1 mm. long.
Pollen shed in tetrads.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination autogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 3.8 - 4.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Mostly in humid places, damp grassland, rice-fields, along ditches and water-courses, in swamps, lakes and pools, drains, sandy or silty floodbanks, gravelly riverbeds, on floating islands in lakes, on floating logs in lagoons, sago swamps, mountain peat swamps with sedges, also in old native gardens and coconut plantings, from the lowland up to c. 1000 m, in Java and Celebes up to 1400 m, in New Guinea up to 2100 m. Fl. Jan.-Dec.Several collectors mention that it propagates by runners and that old leaves turn reddish. The lower part of the stem is at times coated by aerenchyma. In inundated condition aerophores are produced; see under 1. L. peruviana.DOCTERS VAN LEEUWEN ( DOCTERS VAN LEEUWEN Zoocecidia 1926 427 f. 808 Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 51 1941 204 ) recorded fruit galled by beetles and aphid galls on the terminal leaves of the branches.
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Mostly in humid places, damp grassland, rice-fields, ditches, by water-courses, swamps, lakes and pools, drains, sandy or silty floodbanks, gravelly riverbeds, floating logs in lagoons etc; also in old native gardens and coconut plantings to 2,100 m.
A tropical plant. It grows in swampy or wet areas in rainforest. In tropical Queensland it grows from sea level to 800 m altitude. It suits humid locations. In Argentina it grows below from sea level to 1,000 m above sea level. In Yunnan.
Grows in wet or seasonally wet places.
Light -
Soil humidity 6-8
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-12

Usage

Uses. In Java minor medicinal qualities are ascribed to this species, amongst others against sprew. RUMPHIUS, who described it under the name herba vitiiginum (Herb. Amb. 6, p. 49) did not mention uses ( HEYNE Nutt. Pl. 1927 1206 ). BURKILL ( BURKILL Diet. 1935 1274 ) reported that the mucilaginous leaves, after which the plant is called 'lakomayef = ‘water Vitis’ f are used for poulticing in a variety of complaints; it has also been recorded as used for headaches, orchitis, glands in the neck, diarrhoea, dysentery, nervous diseases, and as a vermifuge. In WILKINSON'S Dictionary it is said that a kind of tea is made from the leaves. Also in India medicinal properties are ascribed to it.
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The young shoots are cooked and eaten.
Uses animal food food material medicinal social use tea
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Anti-bacterial agents (aerial part), Antipyretics (aerial part), Diarrhea (aerial part), Diuretics (aerial part), Antipyretics (leaf), Antitussive agents (leaf), Astringents (leaf), Burns (leaf), Common cold (leaf), Diuretics (leaf), Dysentery (leaf), Headache (leaf), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (leaf), Jaundice (leaf), Laxatives (leaf), Liver diseases (leaf), Lymphadenitis (leaf), Orchitis (leaf), Cooling effect on body (leaf), Fever (root), Pain (root), Fever (seed), Periodontal diseases (shoot), Headache (unspecified), Adenopathy (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dropsy (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Glands (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Hemoptysis (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Nerves (unspecified), Orchitis (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Thirst (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Carminative (unspecified), Puerperium (unspecified), Tea (unspecified), Anthelmintics (unspecified), Anti-inflammatory agents (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (unspecified), Antipyretics (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Astringents (unspecified), Cathartics (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Diabetes mellitus (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Edema (unspecified), Expectorants (unspecified), Flatulence (unspecified), Hypoglycemic agents (unspecified), Laxatives (unspecified), Leukorrhea (unspecified), Lymphadenitis (unspecified), Pain (unspecified), Peripheral nervous system diseases (unspecified), Sexually transmitted diseases (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Urination disorders (unspecified), Wounds and injuries (unspecified), Anthelmintics (whole plant), Antineoplastic agents (whole plant), Antiviral agents (whole plant), Astringents (whole plant), Diuretics (whole plant), Flatulence (whole plant), Hemoptysis (whole plant), Leukorrhea (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Ludwigia octovalvis habit picture by Reis Pereira Arcenio (cc-by-sa)
Ludwigia octovalvis habit picture by Reis Pereira Arcenio (cc-by-sa)
Ludwigia octovalvis habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Ludwigia octovalvis leaf picture by Mehmudul Mehmudul Islam Ansary (cc-by-sa)
Ludwigia octovalvis leaf picture by Karina Monserrat Pérez Ramírez (cc-by-sa)
Ludwigia octovalvis leaf picture by Reis Pereira Arcenio (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Ludwigia octovalvis flower picture by ben hatmadah (cc-by-sa)
Ludwigia octovalvis flower picture by Mumdi Pertin (cc-by-sa)
Ludwigia octovalvis flower picture by Celentano AnaCris (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Ludwigia octovalvis world distribution map, present in Angola, Argentina, American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Burundi, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Bhutan, Botswana, Central African Republic, Chile, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Cook Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Ecuador, Fiji, Micronesia (Federated States of), Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guadeloupe, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, French Guiana, Guam, Guyana, Honduras, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Cambodia, Kiribati, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mexico, Marshall Islands, Mali, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Mozambique, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Malawi, Malaysia, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Nepal, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Palau, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Réunion, Rwanda, Sudan, Senegal, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sierra Leone, El Salvador, South Sudan, Sao Tome and Principe, Suriname, eSwatini, Seychelles, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States Minor Outlying Islands, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Samoa, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Ludwigia octovalvis threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:144385-2
WFO ID wfo-0000443427
COL ID 3WDCQ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447424
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Jussiaea suffruticosa f. angustifolia Jussiaea ovalifolia Jussiaea ventiliginum Jussiaea erythrocaulis Jussiaea exaltata Jussiaea octofila Jussiaea decumbens Jussiaea blumeana Jussiaea longipes Jussiaea junghuhniana Jussiaea suffruticosa Oenothera octovalvis Ludwigia brachycarpa Epilobium fruticosum Jussiaea calycina Jussiaea clavata Jussiaea persicariaefolia Jussiaea sagreana Jussiaea venosa Ludwigia pubescens Ludwigia sagreana Isnardia capitata Jussiaea scabra Jussiaea persicariifolia f. major Jussiaea suffruticosa f. linearifolia Jussiaea salicifolia Jussiaea octonervia Jussiaea frutescens Jussiaea haenkeana Jussiaea occidentalis Ludwigia angustifolia Ludwigia angustifolia Ludwigia suffruticosa Jussiaea angustifolia Jussiaea hirsuta Jussiaea octovalvis Jussiaea ligustrifolia Ludwigia capitata Jussiaea burmanni Jussiaea fruticosa Jussiaea suffruticosa var. ligustrifolia Jussiaea suffruticosa var. octofila Ludwigia octovalvis subsp. macropoda Ludwigia octovalvis var. macropoda Jussiaea macropoda Jussiaea peruviana var. octofila Jussiaea suffruticosa var. angustifolia Jussiaea suffruticosa var. octonervia Jussiaea suffruticosa var. sintenisii Ludwigia pubescens var. ligustrifolia Ludwigia octovalvis subsp. octovalvis Ludwigia pubescens var. macropoda Jussiaea suffruticosa var. linearifolia Jussiaea suffruticosa f. villosa Jussiaea suffruticosa var. macropoda Ludwigia octovalvis var. octofila Ludwigia octovalvis var. ligustrifolia Jussiaea tetragona Jussiaea suffruticosa var. subglabra Ludwigia pubescens var. linearifolia Jussiaea pubescens Ludwigia octovalvis

Lower taxons

Ludwigia octovalvis subsp. sessiliflora Ludwigia octovalvis subsp. brevisepala