Luffa aegyptiaca Mill.

Sponge gourd (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Cucurbitales > Cucurbitaceae > Luffa

Characteristics

Stem and branches scabrous, sulcate-angular, puberulent. Tendrils rather robust, usually 2-4-fid. Petiole 10-12 cm, scabrous, subglabrous; leaf blade triangular or suborbicular, 10-20 × 10-20 cm, often palmately 5-7-lobed; lobes triangular, median lobe 8-12 cm, base deeply cordate, margin dentate, apex acute or acuminate; sinus 2-3 cm deep, 2-2.5 cm wide. Male flowers usually 15-20 in a raceme; peduncle somewhat robust, 12-14 cm, pubescent; pedicels 1-2 cm; calyx broadly campanulate, 5-9 mm, puberulent; segments reflexed above, ovate-lanceolate or subtriangular, 8-13 × 4-7 mm, densely puberulent, 3-veined, apex acuminate; corolla yellow, rotate, 5-9 cm in diam.; segments oblong, 2-4 × 2-2.8 cm, inside densely yellow-white villous, base attenuate, apex rounded-obtuse. Stamens usually 5, rarely 3; filaments 6-8 mm, base white pubescent, connate at first, later free. Female flowers solitary; pedicel 2-10 cm; ovary narrowly cylindric, puberulent; stigmas expanded. Fruit cylindric, straight or slightly curved, 15-45 × 3-6 cm, smooth, ecostate, inside strongly fibrous when mature. Seeds usually black, ovate, smooth or very sparingly tuberculate, margin slightly winged. Fl. and fr. summer and autumn.
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Climbers 5-15 m long, stem 2-5 mm diam., glabrescent, scabrous. Probract 3-5 mm long, acute, with (1-)4-8 glands. Tendrils 2-6-branched. Leaves: petiole 2-15 cm long; blade dark green, palmately 3-5(-7)-lobed, c. 1/4 deep or much deeper, lobes various, suborbicular in outline, 5-15 cm diam., glands small. Flowers opening at day-time; bright yellow. Male flowers in peduncled raceme, 5-35 cm long, peduncle 5-12 cm long; bracts (narrowly) ovate, c. 5 mm long, glandular; pedicel 2-10 mm long; receptacle-tube c. 5 mm wide, mostly hairy inside; sepals triangular, acute(-acuminate), 5-10 mm long, with few glands; petals broadly rounded, 20-45 by 15-30 mm; stamens 3 or 5, exerting from receptacle-tube, anthers 3-5 mm diameter. Female flowers: pedicel 10-30 mm long, ovary ellipsoid or cylindrical, 15-30 mm long, finely hairy, smooth or obscurely ribbed. Fruit ripening (light and dark) yellow green, globose, short-to long-ellipsoid or cylindrical, 3-20(-50) cm long, not ribbed, glabrous; pulp fibrous, operculum small, beaked; fruiting pedicel 1-6 cm long. Seeds numerous, dull blackish, elliptic in outline, 7-12 by 4-8 mm, with narrow membranous wing-like border.
long, lanceolate, acuminate, appressed pubescent; petals yellow, oblong cuneate to obovate, 2-3 (-4) cm long, mucronate, the outer surface puberulent, especially toward the base and on the nerves, the inner surface stipitate glandular, also with a few scattered nonglandular hairs, prominently ribbed, the stamens 3, free, the filaments 6-10 mm long, slender, puberulent, ciliate at the base, the anthers flexuous. Pistillate flowers solitary, axillary; peduncles 2-10 cm long; calyx and corolla as in the staminate flowers; ovary fusiform, ca. 1.5 cm long, appressed pubescent, 3-carpellate, the ovules numerous, horizontal, the styles connate, the stigmas 3, bilobate, densely papillate, staminodia 5, ca. 1 mm long, pubescent, the tip glabrous. Fruits green, longitudinally striate with darker markings, cylin-drical or fusiform, 10-30 cm long, ecostate, dehiscent by a conical, long-beaked operculum; seeds gray, mottled with darker markings, ovoid, compressed, 8-12 mm long, 7-10 mm wide, the margin narrowly winged, 2 oblique bumps present above the hilum on each surface, the testa granulate.
Stems climbing to many metres. Tendrils 3–6-branched. Probracts narrow, 3 mm long, acute, glandular. Leaves ovate, cordate at base; lamina 6–18 cm long, 6–20 cm wide, palmately 3–5–lobed; lobes triangular to lanceolate, entire, dentate to sinuate-dentate, acute, acuminate or apiculate; petiole 2–15 cm long. Male flowers in 5–20–flowered racemes 10–35 cm long; peduncle 5–12 cm long; pedicels 2–10 mm long with small glandular bracts; hypanthium 4–8 mm long, pilose inside; calyx-lobes triangular, 8–12 mm long, acute; petals ovate to spathulate, 20–45 mm long; stamens 3 or 5. Female flowers on pedicels 1–3 cm long; ovary cylindrical-ellipsoidal, 20–35 mm long, pilose. Fruit ellipsoidal to cylindrical-ellipsoidal, attenuate at apex, 5–15 cm long, 3–7 cm diam.; pedicel stout, to 6 cm long. Seeds 9–12 mm long, black.
Vines climbing or trailing to 15 m; tendrils 3–6-branched; stems not angled, finely hairy or glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2–15 cm; blade dark green, ovate-cordate, (3–)5-lobed, 6–20(–30) × 6–25 cm, lobes triangular to ovate, margins entire or sinuate to sinuate-toothed or sublobulate-dentate, apex acute-apiculate, surfaces scabrous. Staminate racemes (5–)15–20-flowered, 12–35 cm; peduncles and pedicels erect to spreading. Flowers 5–10 cm diam.; hypanthium 4–8 mm, sepals longer than tube; petals bright yellow, 25–45 mm, apex shallowly obtuse to obtuse-apiculate; stamens (3–)5; filaments 6–8 mm. Pepos cylindric, not angled, (6–)20–50 × (2.5–)6–10 cm. Seeds dull black, not beaked, 10–12 × 6–8 mm, surface smooth, glabrous, margins with wings ca. 1 mm wide. 2n = 26.
Monoecious, tendriled vines; stems 5-to 10-sulcate, pubescent to glabrate. Leaves with the blades suborbicular in outline, 10-25 cm long, as wide or slightly wider than long, apex acuminate to caudate, the base deeply cordate, the margin denticulate, chartaceous, the upper and the lower surfaces scabrous with pustu-lar based trichomes; petioles 4-12 cm long, slender, pubescent to glabrate, stri-ate; tendrils 3-to 5-branched, pubescent to glabrate. Staminate flowers in axil-lary racemes, the rachis 10-35 cm long, appressed pubescent, glabrate toward the base, 10-to 30-flowered in the upper half, the pedicels 1-2 cm long, pubes-cent; calyx campanulate, lobed for %i or more its length, the lobes 10-15 mm
An annual climber with yellow flowers.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.5 - 1.0
Mature height (meter) 10.0 - 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Not known in a truly wild situation, the plant was probably originally native to India but has been cultivated for so long that its origins are uncertain.
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Grows on margins of rainforests, in riverine forests orwoodlands.
Cultivated, and commonly naturalized.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

Uses food medicinal
Edible flowers fruits leaves seeds shoots
Therapeutic use Analgesic (unspecified), Antiseptic (unspecified), Carminative (unspecified), Cathartic (unspecified), Dropsy (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Enterorrhagia (unspecified), Hematochezia (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Hernia (unspecified), Menorrhagia (unspecified), Metrorrhagia (unspecified), Orchitis (unspecified), Ozoena (unspecified), Parasiticide (unspecified), Pectoral (unspecified), Piles (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Scarlet-Fever (unspecified), Smallpox (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Urogenital (unspecified), Variola (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Boil (unspecified), Caries (unspecified), Circulation (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Bladder (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Intestine (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified), Lactogogue (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Stomach (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Luffa aegyptiaca leaf picture by Prasanta Hembram (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Luffa aegyptiaca world distribution map, present in Angola, Argentina, American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Azerbaijan, Burundi, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Bhutan, Central African Republic, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Cook Islands, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Micronesia (Federated States of), Ghana, Guinea, Guadeloupe, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guam, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Cambodia, Korea (Republic of), Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Saint Lucia, Madagascar, Maldives, Mexico, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Martinique, Mauritius, Malawi, Malaysia, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Niue, Nepal, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Réunion, Rwanda, Sudan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, El Salvador, South Sudan, Sao Tome and Principe, Suriname, Seychelles, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Samoa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:293060-1
WFO ID wfo-0000358882
COL ID 3WDJN
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 630065
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Luffa pentandra Luffa fricatoria Luffa aegyptiaca Momordica luffa Turia cylindrica Luffa subangulata Luffa sylvestris Luffa petola Luffa leucosperma Luffa insularum Momordica carinata Momordica reticulata Turia cordata Melothria touchanensis Luffa aegyptiaca var. peramara Luffa cylindrica var. insularum Poppya fabiana Bryonia cheirophylla