Lumnitzera racemosa Willd.

Species

Angiosperms > Myrtales > Combretaceae > Lumnitzera

Characteristics

Small tree, up to c. 8 m by 30 cm, or shrub; knee-shaped pneumatophores absent. Bark rough, reddish-brown. Young branchlets reddish or grey, sometimes appressed-pubescent at first, soon glabrous. Leaves pubescent or glabrous, narrowly obovate, narrowly obovate-ellptic or narrowly elliptic, 2-9 by 1-2½ cm, blade cuneate to the subsessile base or sometimes narrowed 5-8 mm above the base thus appearing sub-petiolate. Spikes short, axillary, c. 2 cm long. Flowers white (rarely pink?) or yellow (in var. luted), sessile. Receptacle tubular or narrowly urceolate, laterally compressed, glabrous or pubescent, 6-8 mm long, usually contracted just above the middle at the insertion of the two broadly ovate, 1½ mm long, sometimes ciliolate, opposite or subopposite adnate bracteoles. Calyx-lobes broadly ovate-acuminate often gland-tipped, sometimes with 3 glands, sometimes glandless, 4/5-1 mm long. Petals white (? sometimes pink) or yellow, glabrous, narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 4 by 1 mm. Stamens 10, equalling or slightly exceeding the petals. Style 6-7 mm long, glabrous. Fruit appressed-pubescent or glabrous, 10-12 by 3-5 mm; pericarp with a well-developed inner layer of sclerenchyma extended radially giving a spoke-like appearance in cross-section.
More
Small tree or shrub up to 9 m. high; bark rough, reddish brown; young branchlets reddish or grey, sometimes appressed pubescent at first, soon glabrescent.. Leaves spirally arranged; lamina narrowly obovate or narrowly obovate-elliptic to elliptic, 2–8 cm. long, 1–3 cm. wide, apex rounded, cuneate to the subsessile base or sometimes narrowed to appear subpetiolate.. Inflorescences usually single, sometimes branched, axillary spikes 2–7 cm. long; rhachis glabrous.. Flowers sessile or nearly so.. Receptacle tubular or narrowly urceolate, laterally compressed, 6–8 mm. long, glabrousor pubescent, usually contracted just above the middle at the insertion of the 2 opposite or subopposite adnate bracteoles; bracteoles broadly ovate, 1.5 mm. long, sometimes ciliolate.. Sepals broadly ovate-acuminate, 0.8–1 mm. long, sometimes gland-tipped.. Petals white or cream (? sometimes pink) or yellow (var. lutea (Gaud.) Exell, confined to Timor), narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate-elliptic, 4 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, glabrous.. Stamens 10, equalling or slightly exceeding the petals.. Style 6–7 mm. long, glabrous.. Fruit 10–12 mm. long, 3–5 mm. wide, appressed pubescent or glabrous; pericarp with a well-developed inner layer of sclerenchyma.. Fig. 13.
Small tree up to 9 m high or shrub; bark rough, reddish-brown; young branchlets reddish or grey, sometimes appressed-pubescent at first, soon glabrescent. Leaf-lamina 2-9 x 1-3 cm, narrowly obovate or narrowly obovate-elliptic or narrowly elliptic, cuneate to the subsessile base or sometimes narrowed to appear subpetiolate. Inflorescences of short axillary spikes 2-7 cm long; rhachis glabrous. Flowers sessile or nearly so. Receptacle 6-8 mm long, tubular or narrowly urceolate, laterally compressed, glabrous or pubescent, usually contracted just above the middle at the insertion of the 2 broadly ovate 1.5 mm long sometimes ciliolate opposite or subopposite adnate bracteoles. Sepals 0.8-1 mm long, broadly ovate-acuminate, gland-tipped or eglandular. Petals white or cream (? sometimes pink) or yellow (var. lutea), 4 x 1 mm, narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate-elliptic, glabrous. Stamens 10, equalling or slightly exceeding the petals. Style 6-7 mm long, glabrous. Fruit 10-12 x 3-5 mm, appressed-pubescent or glabrous; pericarp with a well-developed inner layer of sclerenchyma with a spoke-like appearance in cross-section.
Shrubs or small trees, to 8 m tall; trunk to 0.3 m d.b.h. Bark brown or grayish black, coarse. Branchlets red or grayish black. Leaf blade pale green adaxially, spatulate to oblanceolate or obovate, 3.5-7 × 1-2.5 cm, apex retuse or rounded; lateral veins usually in 3 or 4 pairs. Inflorescences axillary, 2-6 cm. Flowers fragrant. Calyx tube ca. 9 mm; bracteoles ca. 1 mm; lobes deltoid, 1-2 mm, apex obtuse or shortly mucronate. Petals white, elliptic, 4.5-5 mm, apex obtuse. Stamens 5 or 10, 4-5 mm, shorter than or equaling petals. Style ca. 4 mm. Fruit blackish brown when ripe, ellipsoid or ovoid, slightly compressed on one side, 1-2 cm × 5-8 mm excluding stipe, 2-or 3-ridged, smooth proximally, longitudinally striate distally; stipe ca. 1 mm. Fl. Nov-Aug, fr. Aug-Apr.
A shrub or small tree. It grows to 4-8 m tall and spreads to 1-2 m wide Young plant parts have small hairs. The bark is rough and dark grey and has slight cracks along it. The leaves are often clustered near the ends of branches. They are arranged in spirals. The leaves are oval and 3-6 cm long by 1-2 cm wide. They are rounded at the tip and taper at the base. They are leathery and light green. There is often a notch at the tip of the leaf. The flowering stalks in the axils of leaves are branched and produce 3-7 flowers. The flowers are fleshy and white. The flower lobes are triangular and petals are 4 mm long by 1 mm wide. The fruit is narrow and oval. It is 12 mm long by 4 mm wide. The fruit is fibrous and has a single seed.
Shrub or small tree to 8 (–10) m high, without pneumatophores. Branchlets appressed pubescent, glabrescent. Leaves: lamina obovate, 2–9.5 cm long, 1–2.5 cm wide, cuneate at base, entire, sometimes appearing crenate due to presence of glands, retuse at apex, often with minute hairs at first, glabrescent; petiole absent or to 10 mm long. Inflorescence a short axillary spike. Flowers sessile, white. Ovary ± cylindrical, 6–8 mm long, expanded above in a calyx tube with broadly ovate, acuminate lobes c. 1 mm long. Petals to 4 mm long, c. 1 mm wide. Stamens usually 10, about as long as petals. Style to 7 mm long. Fruit narrowly ovoid, 1–1.5 cm long including persistent calyx lobes.
Small tree up to 9 m. high or shrub; bark rough, reddish-brown; young branchlets reddish or grey, sometimes appressed-pubescent at first, soon 2, flower (x6); 3, longitudinal section of flower (x6), 2–3 from Vaughan 461; 4, young fruit (x4); 5, transverse section of fruit (x6), 4–5 from glabrescent.
Receptacle 6–8 mm. long, tubular or narrowly urceolate, laterally compressed, glabrous or pubescent, usually contracted just above the middle at the insertion of the 2 broadly ovate 1·5 mm. long sometimes ciliolate opposite or subopposite adnate bracteoles.
Leaf-lamina 2–9 x 1–3 cm., narrowly obovate or narrowly obovate-elliptic or narrowly elliptic, cuneate to the subsessile base or sometimes narrowed to appear subpetiolate.
Fruit 10–12 x 3–5 mm., appressed-pubescent or glabrous; pericarp with a well-developed inner layer of sclerenchyma with a spoke-like appearance in cross-section.
Petals white or cream (? sometimes pink) or yellow (var. luted), 4 x 1 mm., narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate-elliptic, glabrous.
Sepals 0·8–1 mm. long, broadly ovate-acuminate, gland-tipped or eglandular.
Inflorescences of short axillary spikes 2–7 cm. long; rhachis glabrous.
Stamens 10, equalling or slightly exceeding the petals.
Flowers sessile or nearly so.
Style 6–7 mm. long, glabrous.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0 - 2.0
Mature height (meter) 8.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It normally grows in mud flats which are flooded by the tide. It is normally near river mouths where fresh water also flows.
More
Open remnant mangrove forests along sea shores, estuaries, lagoon sides, saltwater swamps, swamps, swampy meadows on sandy soils.
Grows in drier parts (landward edge) of mangrove communities.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses. The timber is similar in quality to that of the preceding species, but dimensions are generally even smaller. The bark is sometimes used for tanning purposes.
More
The leaves are eaten.
Uses environmental use fuel material medicinal timber wood
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Antiviral agents (bark), Pruritus (bark), Vaccinia virus (bark), Skin diseases (fruit), Antihypertensive agents (leaf), Antioxidants (leaf), Fever (leaf), Insecticides (leaf), Liver diseases (leaf), Herpes simplex (stem), Pruritus (stem), Antidote(Hura) (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Itch (unspecified), Herpes (unspecified), Abortifacient agents (whole plant excluding root), Malaria (whole plant excluding root)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It is grown from seed.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 22 - 28
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Distribution

Lumnitzera racemosa world distribution map, present in Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, China, Indonesia, India, Kenya, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Maldives, Myanmar, Mozambique, Malaysia, Mayotte, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Seychelles, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, United States of America, Viet Nam, and South Africa

Conservation status

Lumnitzera racemosa threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:170681-1
WFO ID wfo-0000358860
COL ID 6QQ94
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 672886
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Jussiaea racemosa Bruguiera obtusa Rhizophora obtusa Bruguiera madagascariensis Combretum alternifolium Funckia karakandel Petaloma alba Petaloma alternifolia Laguncularia rosea Petaloma albiflora Pokornya ettingshausenii Problastes cuneifolia Lumnitzera racemosa var. pubescens Lumnitzera racemosa var. racemosa Lumnitzera racemosa

Lower taxons

Lumnitzera racemosa var. lutea